1. Part 3: Designing and Producing Apparel
Chapter 8
Using Design in Fashion

2. Objectives
Explain the importance of each element of design in relation to fashion
Apply the principles of design to apparel
Describe how harmony is achieved in garment designs
Discuss how to use design to create illusions that enhance appearance

3. Good design or harmony The Design Equation Elements Principles Color
Shape
Line
Texture
Principles
Balance
Proportion
Emphasis
Rhythm
Good design or harmony

4. The Elements of Design COLOR
Hue
The name given to a color
Value
The lightness or darkness of a hue
Tint
Adding white to a hue (pastel)
Shade
Adding black to a hue
Intensity
The brightness or dullness of a hue

5. COLOR Communication
Black - elegant, sophisticated, dignified, strong, serious, sad
Brown - earthy, casual, comfortable, natural
Navy - dignified, cool, classic, peaceful, calm
Green – signifies life, nature, friendly
Red - aggressive, passionate, vibrant
Yellow - sunny, cheerful, warm
Orange - cheerful, youthful, lively
Violet - royal, wise, dramatic
Gray - modest, sad, quiet dignity, professional
Beige - quiet, tailored
White – innocent, youthful, pure
Pink - soft, feminine
Gold - wealth, power, luxury

6. Color Wheel Activity Pick up Color Wheel Worksheet
Using colored pencils, color in the color wheel.

7. Color Wheel

8. Using the COLOR Wheel Primary Hues Secondary Hues
Red, yellow, blue
Secondary Hues
Orange, green, violet
Intermediate or Tertiary Hues
Yellow-green, yellow-orange, red-orange, red-violet, blue-violet, blue-green

9. COLOR Schemes Monochromatic Analogous Complementary
Tints and shades of one hue
Analogous
Adjacent hues
Complementary
Opposite hues
Split complementary
1 hue with hues on each side of its complement
Triad
3 hues equal distance
Accented neutral
Neutral (white, black, gray, beige) with an accent of bright color

10. Monochromatic
Restful to the eye because unity results from just one color
Pair with black or white for a nice crisp and chic look

11. Analogous Sometimes called a ‘related’ color scheme
Choose different values and intensities for some contrast
Provides your outfit with harmony

12. Complementary Provides great contrast
The colors look even brighter when they are used side-by-side

13. Split Complementary Three colors
Generally more flattering and dimensional

14. Triad Color Scheme Great contrast
To soften the contrast, choose to combine pleasing values and intensities

15. Accented Neutral Color Scheme
Very pleasing to the eye and very versatile in fashion

16. Color Scheme Activity
Color one character in each of the following color schemes:
Monochromatic
Analogous
Complementary
Split Complementary
Triad Color Scheme
Accented Neutral Color Scheme

17. Monochromatic
Complementary
Triad Color Scheme
Accented Neutral
Analogous
Split Complementary

18. Illusions Through COLOR Using Color in Fashion
Extreme contrast makes colors look brighter
Light colored objects appear larger
Dark colored objects recede or appear smaller
Fashion is more attractive without equal areas of light and dark
Color is affected by light and texture

19. SHAPE and LINE Shape or silhouette Three basic shapes in fashion
Outline or form
Determined by cut and construction of the garment
Three basic shapes in fashion
Straight
Bell-shaped
A-line
Lines in Fashion
Outline the inner and outer spaces
Can be structural or decorative
The shape of the pants are bell-bottoms, the lines (stripes) are decorative

21. LINE Types and Directions
Straight
Bold, severe, dignified
Curved
Flowing, rounded, soft, youthful
Jagged or Diagonal
Noticeable, interesting, can create confusion
Vertical
Height, slimming, dignity
Horizontal
Width, restful, calming

22. TEXTURE Tactile quality of goods or how material feels
Can be created from fibers, yarns, and fabric construction
Illusions
Shiny, bulky, fuzzy, or heavy textures make figures look larger
Dull or flat textures tend to slenderize

23. The Principles of Design Balance
Formal balance
Symmetrical
Dignified
Can look boring
Informal balance
Creates balance asymmetrically
Elements placed unequally in a way that achieves balance
Equality among the parts of a design or outfit

24. Proportion
The spatial, or size, relationship of the parts of design to each other and to the whole
Most pleasing when divided unevenly
Garments should bring out the natural proportions of the body to be pleasing
What parts of the jacket are out of proportion?

25. EmphAsis
A concentration of interest in a particular part or area of a design.
May be achieved with contrasts of colors or textures, structural lines, or unusual shapes
Is your eye drawn to the tie? Or perhaps to the “a” in emphasis?

26. RRRhhyyytthhhmm Creates easy movement of the observer’s eye by:
Repetition
Repeats lines, shapes, colors, or textures
Gradation
Increase or decrease of design elements (also called progression)
Radiation
Created by lines or colors emerging from a center (petals on a flower)

27. Harmony Pleasing visual unity of all aspects of a design
All parts of the design look as if they belong
Does not have excess variation that could displease or detract

28. Illusions Created by Design
Use the elements and principles of design to accentuate positive figure traits and de-emphasize negative ones
Fashion professionals know how to do this
Which one is most slimming?

29. Sketch Assignment
Sketch a ‘fashion merchandise’ garment of your choice. (tank, dress, skirt, t-shirt, jeans)
Using the 4 Elements of Design (Color, Line, Shape, Texture) design the garment to meet your style guidelines.
Below the garment, discuss why you chose each of the 4 elements and how each element works for specific body types.
2 Sentences for each element of design – 8 sentences total