DO NOW – 2 min List two organelles that would be found in a eukaryotic cell AND describe what each does.

Now we’re here WEDNESDAY, April 19, 2017

Tutoring Today—On the list

Learning Target I can recall important info about evolution and the cell structures & functions

Tasks Today Evolution and Cell Notes—Nearpod Extra Credit Opportunity

Extra Credit Opportunity Define the vocab words in the packet and give pic/example Every 4 completed = 1 bonus point Due on FRIDAY, April 28th (Friday before EOC)

Exit Slip On the back of the evolution fact sheet what were your answers to #10, #11, and #12? Explain what one of the organelles in the cell does.

Cell Biology EOC Review

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic A prokaryotic cell is a cell that does not contain a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles. An example of a prokaryotic cell is bacteria. A eukaryotic cell is a cell that contains a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles. Plants and animals have eukaryotic cells

Eukaryotic Organelles Organelle = special “rooms”/compartments in a cell with specific “jobs”/functions All eukaryotic cells contain the following organelles: Nucleus Ribosome Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Mitochondria Cell Membrane

Organelles Nucleus Control center of the cell Contains DNA Location of DNA replication and transcription Ribosome Responsible for reading mRNA to create proteins – translation

Organelles Golgi Apparatus Transports proteins throughout the cell Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Involved protein synthesis (attached ribosomes) Both Rough and Smooth aid in modifying proteins. Golgi Apparatus Transports proteins throughout the cell

Organelles Mitochondria Organelle responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration Cell Membrane Organelle that controls what enters and exits the cell. Semi-permeable

Plant Vs. Animal Plant cells contain all of the organelles on the previous slide PLUS Chloroplasts Cell Wall Central Vacuole Animal cells contain all of the organelles on the previous slide PLUS Centrioles Flagella/Cilia

Plant Cells Chloroplast Organelle containing chlorophyll Location of photosynthesis Central Vacuole Large water containing sac responsible for maintaining water pressure in the cell. Cell Wall Made of cellulose Maintains of the structure and rigidity of the plant cell

Animal Cells Flagella/Cilia Aids in movement Flagella--tail that whips around Cilia--short hairs that move around the cell. Centrioles Aids in cellular division – mitosis Releases spindle fibers

What is it? Involved in the first stages of protein synthesis and processing proteins It is made up of a phospholipid bilayer This organelle makes proteins in the cytoplasm. This organelle aids in mitosis Uses energy from the sun to create glucose Where DNA is stored, replicated and transcribed into mRNA Makes ATP for the cell’s energy This organelle transports molecules throughout the cell Holds water in place and maintains turgor pressure in plants

Cell Membrane—IN DETAIL Semi-permeable: allows only certain materials to enter and leave the cell Maintains homeostasis – an internal balance. Keeps thing in and out by using passive transport and active transport.

Passive Transport Does NOT require ATP energy Molecules move down/with concentration gradient (from high concentration to low concentration)

Passive Transport Three types: Diffusion – movement of small, nonpolar molecules across the cell membrane EX: Oxygen moving into red blood cells from the lung Osmosis –movement of water molecules across the cell membrane EX: Kidneys removing excess water from the blood Facilitated Diffusion –movement of large or charged molecules through a membrane protein. EX: Glucose entering a cell for cellular respiration

Active Transport Requires ATP energy Molecules move up/against concentration gradient (from low concentration to high concentration) Moves through a membrane protein Usually ions (charged molecules) EX: Na+/K+ pump to conduct nerve signals

Passive and Active Transport http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfy92hdaAH0

Draw or Give an Example of each type of transport

Complementary reactions

Mitochondria– IN DETAIL Site of Cellular Respiration Aerobic – requires oxygen Converts chemical energy from food into usable ATP energy

Mitochondria– IN DETAIL Step 1: Glycolysis Occurs in the cytoplasm (ALL CELLS) Put in: Energy (ATP) Glucose Process Details: Breaks up glucose into smaller parts Get out: NADH 2 Pyruvate

Mitochondria– IN DETAIL Step 2: Kreb’s Cycle Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix Put in: OXYGEN (must be present) Pyruvate Process Details: Completely breaks down glucose into CO2 Get out: Energy (ATP) NADH & FADH2 CO2

Mitochondria– IN DETAIL Step 3: Electron Transport Chain Occurs in the mitochondrial membrane Put in: OXYGEN NADH & FADH2 Process Details: Passes the electron carriers through the inner membrane to create a gradient of H+ ions that are used to power ATP synthase. Get out: ATP (a lot) Water--byproduct

Chloroplast –IN DETAIL Site of photosynthesis Converts solar energy into chemical energy

Chloroplast –IN DETAIL Stage I: Light Reactions Occurs in the thylakoid Put in: Sunlight Water Process Details: Light energy breaks water in half to release electrons. Works similar to the ETC Get out: ATP NADH Oxygen--byproduct

Chloroplast –IN DETAIL Stage II: Calvin Cycle (Light-independent reactions) Occurs in the stroma Put in: NADH ATP Carbon Dioxide Process Details: -Converts CO2 into sugar! -Makes glucose which is used as a building block for the plant Get out: Glucose