Trephining, Torture, Lobotomies, Hospitals Intro to Abnormal Psych 4Ds Trephining, Torture, Lobotomies, Hospitals What is Abnormal? History Module 47 Intro to Abnormal Psych Philippe Pinel, Dorothea Dix Labeling Causes/Treatments Pros DSM-5 Mod 47 is good to read except for p. 646 & the chart on p. 647 Medical Cons Perspectives Bio Psycho Social

Do Now: What is “normal”? In terms of disorders, how should we define who is, and who isn’t “abnormal”? Are you “normal”? Explain with specifics!

Do Now Have out your completed AP Exam, think of your happy & crappy, AND one way you experienced psychology over break. Be ready to share 

Abnormal Psychology the scientific study of abnormal behavior in order to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning We are fascinated by the exceptional, the unusual, the abnormal, so many people like this unit.

What makes a Behavior a Psychological Disorder? Many definitions have been proposed, yet none are universally accepted ¨ Most definitions, however, share some common features… “The Four Ds” Deviance Distress Dysfunction Danger Abnormal experiments

Psychological Disorders What is deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional may depend on… Culture Time Period Environmental Conditions Individual Person

DSM-V Definition of Mental Disorder A mental disorder is a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes ,underlying mental functioning. Mental disorders are usually associated with significant distress or disability in social, occupational, or other important activities. An expectable or culturally approved response to a common stressor or loss, such as the death of a loved one, is not a mental disorder. Socially deviant behavior (e.g., political, religious, or sexual) and conflicts that are primarily between the individual and society are not mental disorders unless the deviance or conflict results from a dysfunction in the individual, as described above. (APA, 2013a, p. 20)

Early Theories Abnormal behavior was evil spirits trying to get out. Trephining was often used.

http://tywkiwdbi. blogspot http://tywkiwdbi.blogspot.com/2013/11/a-comparison-of-trephination-techniques.html

Early Theories Another theory was to make the body extremely uncomfortable. Lobotomy!

History of Mental Disorders In the 1800’s, disturbed people were no longer thought of as madmen, but as mentally ill. They were first put in hospitals. Did this mean better treatment? Bellevue Link on site.

Early Mental Hospitals They were nothing more than barbaric prisons. The patients were chained and locked away. Some hospitals even charged admission for the public to see the “crazies”, just like a zoo.

Philippe Pinel French doctor who was the first to take the chains off and declare that these people are sick and “a cure must be found!”

Dorothea Dix First American to advocate for more humane treatment of mentally ill Lobbied Congress & created the first generation of American mental asylums

Perspectives and Disorders Psychological School/Perspective Cause of the Disorder Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Internal, unconscious drives Humanistic Failure to strive to one’s potential or being out of touch with one’s feelings. Behavioral Reinforcement history, the environment. Cognitive Irrational, dysfunctional thoughts or ways of thinking. Sociocultural Dysfunctional Society Biomedical/Neuroscience Organic problems, biochemical imbalances, genetic predispositions.

Current Perspectives on Causes/Treatments Medical Perspective: psychological disorders are sicknesses and can be diagnosed, treated and cured. Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective: assumes biological, psychological and sociocultural factors combine to interact causing psychological disorders. Medical Model=physical cause

“Who in the rainbow can draw the line where the violet tint ends and the orange tint begins? Distinctly, we see the difference of the colors, but where exactly does the one first blendingly enter into the other? So with sanity and insanity?”

DSM V Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: the big book of disorders. DSM will classify disorders and describe the symptoms. DSM will NOT explain the causes or possible cures. Highly reliable.

$$ involved. Links posted to website.

Labeling Psychological Disorders Critics of the DSM-5 argue that labels may stigmatize individuals. David Rosenhan Original Rosenhaun Study: http://www.holah.karoo.net/rosenhan.htm

Labeling Psychological Disorders Labels may be helpful for healthcare professionals when communicating with one another and establishing therapy. “Insanity” labels raise moral and ethical questions about how society should treat people who have disorders and have committed crimes. Airport crazy guy, plane crash.

Trephining, Torture, Lobotomies, Hospitals Intro to Abnormal Psych 4Ds Trephining, Torture, Lobotomies, Hospitals What is Abnormal? History Module 47 Intro to Abnormal Psych Philippe Pinel, Dorothea Dix Labeling Causes/Treatments Pros DSM-5 Mod 47 is good to read except for p. 646 & the chart on p. 647 Medical Cons Perspectives Bio Psycho Social

parody on how you won’t be able to diagnose parody on how you won’t be able to diagnose. Also make them realize that someone in this class might struggle with these or have a family member struggle with them.

Make sure we are seeing disorders as a psychologist would and not as an average person “Crazy people”. You can think that, just be careful about letting it sink into your understanding of this unit.