Three Early Chinese Dynasties Zhou, Qin, Han

I. The Zhou Dynasty – 1028 B.C. – 256 B.C. A. The Zhou conquered the last Shang king around 1028 B.C. 1. Zhou rulers claimed the Mandate of Heaven (heaven’s approval) 2. They established a feudal system (feudalism) a. Kings gave land to nobles in exchange for loyalty b. peasants worked land in exchange for protection

King Nobles Peasants Merchants Chinese feudal system developed under the Zhou dynasty King Grants use of land to nobles in exchange for loyalty Nobles Give loyalty and armies to the king Peasants Work the land for the nobles in exchange for shelter, protection, and food Merchants Lower status than peasants because riches come from other’s work

B. Zhou technological advances 1. Major advancement = use of iron 2. cast iron = stronger weapons & farming tools; increased production 3. invented crossbow 4. invented silk cloth – becomes major trade item

C. Zhou dynasty crumbles 1. Zhou lose power & enters Era of the Warring States 2. regional kings fighting each other for land and power 3. The Qin eventually win and unite China

The Warring States Period of Ancient China 480 BCE to 221 BCE

II. Two Chinese Philosophies Emerge Why do you think there was an effort to find a new governing style? Confucianism “The Analects” Teachings of Confucius Daoism Balance/Harmony with Nature “Respect yourself and others will respect you.”

II. Two Chinese Philosophies Emerge A. Confucianism 1. Impact of Confucianism in forming the social order in China a. Belief that humans are good, not bad b. Respect for elders – Filial Piety - http://www.stanford.edu/group/confucian/cgi-bin/blog/?p=149 c. Code of Politeness (still use in Chinese society today) d. Emphasis on education e. Ancestor worship Respect link

II. Two Chinese Philosophies Emerge A. Confucianism 2. Five Primary Relationships a. ruler and subject b. father and son c. elder brother and younger brother d. husband and wife e. friend and friend Respect link

II. Two Chinese Philosophies Emerge A. Confucianism 3. the Analects a. teachings of Confucius b. Provide guidelines for Confucianism Respect link

Writing and teachings of Confucius = Confucianism - Filial Piety – Respect/obey elders/family - Every member of society has duty. - Role model or follower or both Writing and teachings of Confucius = Analects

Yin and Yang represent opposites for Confucianism and Taoism. II. Two Chinese Philosophies Emerge B. Daoism 1. Impact of Daoism in forming Chinese culture and values a. Humility – low view of one’s own importance b. Simple life & inner peace c. Harmony/balance with nature Lao Zi - founder Yin and Yang represent opposites for Confucianism and Taoism.

Daoism/Daoism Balance and harmony with nature Yin and Yang

III. The Qin Dynasty – 221 B.C. – 210 B.C. A. Around 221 B.C., the Qin defeat rival kingdoms & unite much of China 1. strong centralized gov’t formed 2. military districts allowed emperor to maintain control 3. Qin Shihuangdi = 1st emperor of China 4. China gets its name from Qin

B. Qin Shihuangdi – his achievements 1. standardized weights and measures and coinage 2. created uniform writing system 3. constructed Great Wall of China

C. The Great Wall of China 1. Invaders raided Chinese settlements from the North. 2. Qin built the Great Wall to guard against these invasions 3. Wall extended over 4,000 miles 4. built with forced labor – many died during construction

D. Qin’s Shihuangdi’s Strict Rule 1. Imposed censorship (burned books) to control information 2. took power from local lords 3. many forced-labor projects 4. legalistic philosophy – strict laws + harsh punishments

D. The End of the Qin Dynasty 1. Qin Shihuangdi dies in 210 B.C. 2. He is buried with an army of terra cotta (clay) soldiers and horses 3. The dynasty weakens; loses control of country 4. 206 B.C. Han Dynasty comes to power

III. The Han Dynasty – 206 B.C. – A.D. 220 A. Liu Bang reunites China + becomes 1st emperor of Han Dynasty Liu Bang reestablished centralized power lowered taxes and softened punishments

IV. The Han Dynasty – 206 B.C. – A.D. 220 A. Wudi – The greatest Han ruler 1. He greatly expanded the empire 2. He expanded trade routes to the west known as the Silk Roads a. Silk Roads = Series of trade routes linking China and the Mediterranean cultures & Roman Empire

4. The Han Dynasty rivaled the Roman Empire in: Size Population 3. He established the Civil Service System – system/tests for selecting most able person for gov’t jobs. 4. The Han Dynasty rivaled the Roman Empire in: Size Population government Taking the Civil Service Exam

Silk Roads – Connect China to Mediterranean Sea and Roman Empire

Silk Roads

Silk Roads Indian Ocean trade routes

B. Fall of the Han Dynasty 1. After Wudi died the dynasty weakened. 2. The Huns eventually overthrew the Han Dynasty

C. Other contributions of Classical China 1. invented paper 2. porcelain 3. gun powder 4. wheelbarrow

Early Chinese Crossbows Repeating Crossbow

The Terra Cotta soldiers of Shi Huangdi’s tomb

Zhou iron axe