Increased risk of bladder cancer with pioglitazone therapy in patients with diabetes: A meta-analysis Zhaowei Zhu, Zhoujun Shen, Yingli Lu, Shan Zhong,

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Increased risk of bladder cancer with pioglitazone therapy in patients with diabetes: A meta-analysis Zhaowei Zhu, Zhoujun Shen, Yingli Lu, Shan Zhong, Chen Xu Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice Volume 98, Issue 1, Pages 159-163 (October 2012) DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.05.006 Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Flowchart of study selection process. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 2012 98, 159-163DOI: (10.1016/j.diabres.2012.05.006) Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Pooled estimate of relative risk and 95% CIs of bladder cancer associated with pioglitazone therapy based on five studies comprising 2,350,908 diabetic patients. Squares indicate relative risk in each study. The square size is proportional to the weight of the corresponding study in the meta-analysis; the length of horizontal lines represents the 95% CI. The unshaded diamond indicates the pooled relative risk and 95% CI. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 2012 98, 159-163DOI: (10.1016/j.diabres.2012.05.006) Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Funnel plot of effect estimates for bladder cancer. Begg test, P=1.000. rr=relative risk; se=standard error. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 2012 98, 159-163DOI: (10.1016/j.diabres.2012.05.006) Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions