Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis Synthesis= the process of building or making RNA= ribonucleic acid Amino Acids= building blocks of proteins

Main Characters RNA Polymerase = Creates mRNA Messenger RNA= mRNA is a form of RNA that carries the instructions for making the protein Codon= three nucleotide sequence Transfer RNA= tRNA single strands of RNA that temporarily carry a specific amino Ribosomal RNA= rRNA- reads the mRNA and assembles the protein

1. RNA polymerase binds to the starting spot. STEP 1: TRANSCRIPTION= making RNA Location: Eukaryotes-nucleus Prokaryotes-cytoplasm 1. RNA polymerase binds to the starting spot. 2. The two DNA strands unwind and separate. 3. Complementary nucleotides are added Exception: mRNA does not have any Thymine Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine A  U T  A G  C C  G

4. mRNA leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm 5. rRNA reads the mRNA STEP 2-TRANSLATION- Assembling proteins- in the cytoplasm built by ribosomes 4. mRNA leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm 5. rRNA reads the mRNA 6. tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome 7. Amino acids continue to attach together until the stop codon and the protein is formed

Codon and Anticodon Codon-found on mRNA Anticodon-found on tRNA

DNARNA Protein SUMMARY Transcription= process of making mRNA from DNA Translation= mRNA directions are used to make a protein from amino acids DNARNA Protein Transcription Translation Cytoplasm on ribosome nucleus

Video Clips http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KvYEqGb7XN8&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B6O6uRb1D38&feature=related

DNA RNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid Ribonucleic Acid Sugar=deoxyribose Sugar= ribose Double stranded Single stranded- a single strand of nucleotides Nitrogen bases: ATCG Nitrogen bases: AUCG U=Uracil

DNA Replication RNA Transcription DNA polymerase is used. RNA polymerase is used. DNA nucleotides are linked. RNA nucleotides are linked. A DNA molecule is made. An RNA molecule is made. Both DNA strands serve as templates. Only one part of one strand of DNA ( a gene) is used as a template.

Main Characters ___________________: creates mRNA ____________________: is a form of RNA that carries the instructions for making the protein _______________= three nucleotide sequence _________________: single strands of RNA that temporarily carry a specific amino _________________: reads the mRNA and assembles the protein

The Protein Synthesis Steps Transcription: 1. _____________ binds to the starting spot. 2. The two DNA strands ___________________. 3. Complementary ______________ are added Exception: mRNA does not have any Thymine ____  _____ T  A G  C C  G Translation 4. _________ leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm 5. _________ reads the mRNA 6. _________ carries amino acids to the ribosome 7. Amino acids continue to attach together until the _______________and the protein is formed