BSAA Curriculum Unit B Animal Science

Growth & Development of Animals Problem Area 2 Growth & Development of Animals

Nutrition of Chicks Lesson 3

Chick Contest Each of you write down on a piece of paper how long you think it will take the first chick to double its birth weight. On the same sheet of paper estimate the average consumption of feed needed to produce one pound of gain. The winner gets 5 bonus points.

Learning Objectives Discuss the nutrient needs of poultry for maintenance, growth, and reproduction. Identify chief sources of energy for poultry and symptoms of energy deficient diets. Explain the role of amino acids as essential nutrients for growth and development and describe symptoms of amino acid deficiencies.

Learning Objectives (Cont.) Define macrominerals and trace minerals and list minerals which fit the definitions. Explain the function and importance of vitamins in the diet and identify symptoms of vitamin deficiencies in chicks.

Terms Anabolism Basal Maintenance Requirement Catabolism Fat Soluble Growth Macrominerals Nutrients Protein trace Minerals Vitamins Water Soluble

What are the nutrient needs of poultry for maintenance, growth, and reproduction? Nutrients are substances used by an animal for growth and development of its cells, organs, and tissues. Nutrient maintenance requirements in poultry are defined as the total nutrients needed for body functioning without any gain or loss in body weight and productive activity.

What are the nutrient needs of poultry for maintenance, growth, and reproduction? Basal Maintenance Requirement – the minimum requirement level Maintain body temperature Keep body processes functional Allow for minimal movement Repair damaged cells or tissue

Maintenance requirements are influenced by: What are the nutrient needs of poultry for maintenance, growth, and reproduction? Maintenance requirements are influenced by: Exercise Weather Stress Health Body size Temperament Level of production Individual variation

What are the nutrient needs of poultry for maintenance, growth, and reproduction? Nutritive needs for growth are influenced by: Age Breed Sex Disease Nutritive needs increase with breeding stock

What are the nutrient needs of poultry for maintenance, growth, and reproduction? Growth – an increase in size of bones, muscles, internal organs, or other parts of the body. Adequate vitamins and minerals are important for growth. In poultry, vitamins and minerals are needed for hatchability and embryo development.

What are the chief sources of energy for poultry? Energy for poultry is derived in feedstuffs in the form of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Starch

What are the chief sources of energy for poultry? Carbohydrates supply the majority of energy for growth and development because of their abundance and cheaper cost. Catabolism is the oxidation of nutrients which releases energy for fulfilling the body’s immediate demands.

What are the chief sources of energy for poultry? In order to provide a balanced ration, a protein supplement is commonly mixed in. Usually soybean meal is added. Corn is the primary feed for poultry and serves as the main energy source.

What are the symptoms of energy deficient diets? Slow or stunted growth Loss of body tissue Lowered production of meat or eggs Decreased motility

What is the role of amino acids as essential nutrients for growth and development? Proteins are organic compounds made up of amino acids. Amino acids contain carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and iron. Proteins supply the substance that is needed to build and maintain body tissues.

What is the role of amino acids as essential nutrients for growth and development? 23 amino acids have been found in protein. Ten of the amino acids are essential. Anabolism takes place and the rest of the amino acids are synthesized in the animal’s body. Tryptophan – an essential amino acid

What are the symptoms of amino acid deficiencies? Low birth weight of young Anorexia (low food intake) Slow growth rate Low milk production Edema (abnormal fluid accumulation) Anemia (low red blood cell count)

What are macrominerals and trace minerals and what specific minerals fit each group? Macrominerals are minerals that are needed in larger amounts for proper health, growth, and reproduction. Trace minerals are needed in smaller amounts for proper animal health.

Examples of Macrominerals Calcium Chlorine Magnesium Phosphorus Potassium Sodium

Examples of Trace Minerals Copper Iodine Iron Manganese Selenium Zinc

What is the function and importance of vitamins in the diet? Vitamin C Vitamins are organic compounds required in minute amounts for normal growth, production, reproduction, and health.

What is the function and importance of vitamins in the diet? Vitamins regulate body processes, help the body resist disease, and improve health in general. Fat soluble – stored in body fat and released when needed. Water soluble – dissolved by water and need to be replaced each day.

Essential Vitamins A Niacin D3 Riboflavin E Thiamin K B-6 Biotin B-12 Choline Folacin Niacin Riboflavin Thiamin B-6 B-12 Pantothenic Acid

Symptoms of vitamin deficiency Slow or poor growth Poor reproduction Decreased production of meat or eggs Anorexia Edema Skin, feather problems Decreased appetite and diarrhea

Review/Summary What are the nutrient needs of poultry for maintenance, growth, and reproduction? What are the chief sources of energy for poultry and symptoms of energy deficient diets?

Review/Summary What is the role of amino acids as essential nutrients for growth and development and what are the symptoms of amino acid deficiencies? What are macrominerals and trace minerals and what specific minerals fit each group?

Review/Summary What is the function and importance of vitamins in the diet and what are vitamin deficiency symptoms in chicks?