HIV and AIDS

People with HIV/AIDS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hDBdjFMFOGo

HIV Human immunodeficiency virus: is a pathogen that destroys infection-fighting T cells in the body. HIV enters the body – attaches to a molecule called CD4 on helper T cells HIV then takes control of the helper T cells and reproduces more HIV. It attacks and takes control of the helper T cells.

Signs of HIV Flu-like symptoms Fever Sore throat Night sweats, etc.

HIV Transmission Having sexual contact with an infected person. Exposed blood vessels in small cuts or tiny cracks in mucous membranes. Male to male Male to female Female to male Female to female

How HIV is not Transmitted Closed mouth kissing Hugging Touching Coughing or sneezing Shared towels Being bitten by insects Donating blood Swimming in a pool Using sports equipment

Opportunistic Infection: infection that develops in a person with a weak immune system. Thrush: fungal infection of the tongue and mouth. Oral hairy leukoplakia: infection with fuzzy white patches on the tongue. Pneumonia (PCP): form of pneumonia Tuberculosis: bacterial infection of the lungs Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS): Type of cancer, purplish lesions and tumors on the skin and linings of the internal organs.

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Oral Hairy Leukoplakia

Thrush

Tuberculosis

Opportunistic Infection (cont.) AIDS Dementia Complex: loss of brain function. HIV Wasting Syndrome: loss of body weight.

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome): Half of all people infected with HIV have developed AIDS within ten years. AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome): a person infected with HIV who has 200 or fewer helper T cells per microliter of blood an opportunistic infection.

Increase Risk Having multiple sex partners Having sex with a prostitute Having other sexually transmitted diseases Injection equipment Tattoos and body piercing Contact with blood or other body fluids, mucous membranes, or broken skin Blood Transfusion Tissue Transplant (organ donation) Born to a mother infected with HIV

HIV Testing HIV antibody test: HIV enters the body, the immune system responds Test detects HIV antibodies in the blood Show up within 3 to 6 months of infection ELISA: blood test Western blot: confirm an ELISA test

HIV Testing (cont.) Home collection kit for HIV testing: blood sample at home HIV positive: HIV antibodies present in the blood HIV negative: Does not have antibodies

Treatment DDI: slows down rate at which HIV multiplies. AZT: slows down rate at which HIV multiplies. Protease Inhibitors: antiviral drugs that decrease the amount of HIV in the blood and increase the helper T cell count.

Stats About 1.2 million people in the United States were living with HIV at the end of 2011, the most recent year this information was available. Of those people, about 14% do not know they are infected. Worldwide, there were about 2.1 million new cases of HIV in 2013. About 35 million people are living with HIV around the world. An estimated 1.5 million people died from AIDS-related illnesses in 2013, and an estimated 39 million people with AIDS have died worldwide since the epidemic began. Sub-Saharan Africa bears the biggest burden of HIV/AIDS, with almost 70% of the global total of new HIV infections for 2013.

Stats Males accounted for 74% of the population living with HIV. The largest population living with HIV (45%) comprised men who have sex with men (MSM), followed by persons infected through high-risk heterosexual contact (27%), those infected through injection drug use (22%), and those who were exposed through both male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use (5%).

7 Minutes on HIV / AIDS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eqxu3jjh3LE