Apartheid: the roles of nelson mandela & F.W. de Klerk SS7H1.c - Explain the creation and end of apartheid in South Africa and the roles of Nelson Mandela and F. W. de Klerk. Bell-Ringer – Why is Nelson Mandela an important person in Africa’s history?

The Specials – “(Free) Nelson Mandela” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgcTvoWj ZJU Pay attention to the lyrics and analyze what the song is talking about and important facts.

Apartheid What is Apartheid? The term apartheid (from the Afrikaans word for "apartness") was coined in the 1930s, but the policy itself extends back to the beginning of white settlers (the Dutch) in South Africa in 1652. Apartheid became a law in 1948 in South Africa.

How did the British enforce Apartheid? The Population Registration Act of 1950 Put all South Africans into three racial categories: Bantu (black African), White, or Colored (of mixed race). A fourth category, Asian (Indians and Pakistanis), was added later.

Afrikaner Nationalists’ policies The system of apartheid was enforced by a series of laws passed in the 1950s: The Group Areas Act of 1950 assigned races to different residential and business sections in urban areas Other laws prohibited most social interaction between the races, enforced the segregation of public facilities, created race-specific jobs, and minimized nonwhite participation in government.

A Black South African shows his passbook issued by the Government A Black South African shows his passbook issued by the Government. Blacks were required to carry passes that determined where they could live and work. A girl looking through a window of her shack in Cross Roads, 1978.

Segregated public facilities in Johannesburg, 1985. Young, black South Africans looking in on a game of soccer at an all-white school in Johannesburg. Government spending, about 10 times more for white children than for black, clearly showed the inequality designed to give whites more economic and political power. Poorly trained teachers, overcrowded classrooms, and inadequate recreational facilities were normal for black children, if in fact they had any schooling available at all.

More Signs of Apartheid

Local Response to Apartheid A number of black political groups, often supported by sympathetic whites, opposed apartheid using a variety of tactics, including violence, strikes, demonstrations, and sabotage - strategies that often met with severe consequences from the government. By 1985, Britain and the United States began trade embargoes against South Africa.

Nelson Mandela & F.W. de Klerk Throughout the years of Apartheid, two groups were working to end this South African regime – the African National Congress led by Nelson Mandela, and the Pan African Congress. Riots and fighting took place constantly, and Nelson Mandela was sentenced to life in prison for his work against the regime. Eventually, the South African government had to admit that their policy of apartheid had no place in the modern world. In 1990, South African President F.W. de Klerk agreed to allow the ANC to operate as a legal party and he released Nelson Mandela from prison after he had served 27 years in prison. de Klerk also began to repeal the apartheid laws.

Reform!!! As antiapartheid pressure mounted within and outside of South Africa, the South African government, led by President F. W. de Klerk, began to dismantle the apartheid system in the early 1990s. In 1994 the country's constitution was rewritten and free general elections were held for the first time in its history, and with Nelson Mandela's election as South Africa's first black president, the last remnants of the apartheid system were finally outlawed. Important Dates 1910 – South African independence from Britain 1948 – Legal Apartheid Begins 1994 – Apartheid Ends

Propaganda Posters

Work Session Everybody must create a unique propaganda poster in support of Nelson Mandela and the ANC using their notes from yesterday and today. Yellow – On the back, explain what your image is showing and how Nelson Mandela was eventually successful with his goal of ending apartheid. Blue – On the back, explain in two paragraphs what your image is showing and why you believe nonviolence was so successful for Nelson Mandela. Green – On the back, explain in three paragraphs what your image is showing, why you believe nonviolence was so successful for Nelson Mandela and how nonviolence could be used today (provide a couple examples).