The Age of Imperialism (1800–1914) Lesson 5 China and the West

The Age of Imperialism (1800–1914) Lesson 5 China and the West Learning Objectives Describe how Westerners tried to gain trade rights in China. Explain how reformers tried to strengthen China. Understand why the Qing dynasty fell.

The Age of Imperialism (1800–1914) Lesson 5 China and the West Key Terms balance of trade trade surplus, trade deficit Opium War. indemnity, extraterritoriality, Taiping Rebellion Sino-Japanese War. Open Door Policy, Guang Xu Boxer Uprising. Sun Yixian

Economic Interest in China For centuries, Chinese regulations had strictly controlled foreign trade, ensuring that China had a favorable balance of trade with other nations. Balance of trade refers to the difference in value between how much a country imports and how much it exports. By the 1800s, however, Western nations were using their growing power to weave a web of influence over East Asia, which tilted the balance of trade in their favor.

Economic Interest in China China had trade surplus against most Westerners Westerners only allowed to trade in a few ports Trade deficit British hated this, wanted more trading rights The Opium War British merchants sell opium to Chinese Illegal in China, but very lucrative Chinese destroyed shipment of opium, clashed with British navy Started first Opium War GB easily won- superior ships and technology Unequal Treaties Treaty of Nanjing Indemnity Extraterritoriality Most favored nation clause Hong Kong Other Europeans eventually did the same

Economic Interest in China Chinese merchants examine goods, including porcelain, which was highly prized by European buyers.

The Taiping Rebellion and a Weakened China By the 1800s, the Qing dynasty was in decline. Irrigation systems and canals were poorly maintained, leading to massive flooding of the Yellow River valley. The population explosion that had begun a century earlier created great hardships for China’s peasants as they tried to feed more and more people.

The Taiping Rebellion and a Weakened China Qing dynasty weakening Corruption, population explosion Taiping Rebellion- led by poor peasant Hong Xuiquan Rallied peasants to overthrow Qing Possibly 20 million die Qing dynasty shell of itself

The Taiping Rebellion and a Weakened China Troops from the Qing dynasty clash with peasant rebels during the Taiping Rebellion.

Reform Efforts in China By the mid-1800s, educated Chinese were divided over the need to reform China by adopting Western ways. Most saw no reason to build new industries because China’s wealth came from land. Although Chinese merchants were allowed to do business, they were not seen as a source of economic prosperity for the country.

Reform Efforts in China Self-Strengthening Movement Westernized on a limited basis Railroads, industry, shipyards The Sino-Japanese War Japan westernized much faster Needed resources Sino-Japanese War- China defeated Spheres of Influence Westerners carved out their own parts of China to control US- wanted Open Door Policy- Hundred Days of Reform Guang Xu- modernize China Conservatives arrested the emperor

Reform Efforts in China Empress Ci Xi retired as ruler of China in 1889. However, after radical reforms made by the new emperor, her nephew, Guang Xu, led to his imprisonment, she once again assumed power.

Reform Efforts in China Analyze Maps Western powers carved out spheres of influence throughout China. What area was occupied by Japan beginning in 1897?

The Fall of the Qing Dynasty By 1900, China was in turmoil. Anger against foreigners was growing. While the Chinese welcomed some Western ideas, they resented Christian missionaries who showed little respect for Chinese traditions and Confucian ideas. The presence of foreign troops was another source of discontent.

The Fall of the Qing Dynasty The Boxer Uprising “Dogs and Chinese not allowed” Boxer Rebellion- anti-foreigner feelings- 1899 Try to kill “foreign devils Westerners fought together to defeat Boxers Consequences of the Uprising Took more control Growth of Chinese Nationalism Sun Yixan- 3 Principles Free from foreign domination Democracy Economic security A Republic Is Born Qing dynasty toppled in 1911 Sun became prez in 1912

The Fall of the Qing Dynasty Chinese rebels nicknamed Boxers wanted to drive out foreigners from their country. Identify Cause and Effect Why were the Boxers angry about the foreign presence in China?

Quiz: Economic Interest in China What helped the British reverse their trade deficit with China? A. the increased input of the Industrial Revolution B. the increased demand for Western goods C. the popularity of imported opium in China D. the lifting of trade regulations

Quiz: The Taiping Rebellion and a Weakened China What was the main motivation behind the Taiping Rebellion? A. China’s increasing trade deficit B. hatred of the Qing dynasty C. the outlawing of opium D. treaties with the West

Quiz: Reform Efforts in China Describe the United States’ role in carving out spheres of influence in China. A. The United States dictated how the territories would be divided. B. The United States was opposed to European countries taking Chinese territory. C. The United States did not take territory but proposed open trade. D. The United States took control of territory that would help their trade.

Quiz: The Fall of the Qing Dynasty What was the main goal of the Boxer Uprising? A. to help correct China’s balance of trade B. to drive out foreign influences C. to overthrow the empress D. to modernize China