Greek Mythology: Lecture 2

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Presentation transcript:

Greek Mythology: Lecture 2 COSMOGONY & THE GODS

What is cosmogony? kosmos: the world/universe gignesthai: to be born ‘birth of the universe’ OR theory/myth/account of creation What creation myths do you know?

Hesiod C7th BC Boeotia Epic poems: Theogony (birth of the gods); Works & Days (creation of man, Pandora) Succession of generations: Primordial gods Titans Olympians Demigods/heroes Mankind

In the beginning…

Generational strife Gaia + Ouranos = Titans (hidden inside Earth) 180ff: Kronos castrates Ouranos at Gaia’s behest Blood = Furies, Giants, Ash-nymphs Foam in sea = Aphrodite

Round 2… Kronos + Rhea = Olympians: Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseidon, Zeus (swallowed by father) Rhea tricks Kronos into swallowing stone 617ff: Titanomachy 820ff: Gaia + Tartarus = Typhoeus Zeus wins & establishes timai (honours) of gods

Round 3… Zeus swallows Metis before she can produce a son = Athena Marries/sleeps with many goddesses Zeus + Hera = Hebe, Ares, Eileithyia Hera = Hephaestus (parthenogenesis) 930ff: children of other Olympians 964ff: gods + mortals = heroes

Alternatives Archaic period: Classical period: Later Homeric Hymns esp. to Hera Iliad (esp. 1.396-406, 14.201-2, 15.18-21) Classical period: Aristophanes Birds 683ff Plato Timaeus 40e Later Orphica 12 Hyginus Fabulae ‘preface’ (Latin) Philostratus WHY MIGHT DIFFERENT TEXTS GIVE DIFFERENT VERSIONS?

The Olympians

The Ages of Man Golden Age (in time of Kronos) Silver Age Lived like gods Natural death Silver Age Hubris – refused to honour Olympians Zeus put them away Bronze Age, made of ash-trees Violent Destroyed themselves Demigods Godlike heroes Died at Thebes & Troy Iron Age (current generation) Doomed to labour & die

Significant features Creation of universe Generational strife Role of female: force for change Separation of gods & men