Washington Crosses the Delaware River A Critical Time Washington Crosses the Delaware River

Bell Ringer/Advanced The following is a quote by John Adams Bell Ringer/Advanced The following is a quote by John Adams. What did Adams mean by what he said? Describe the meaning of the following quote in three sentence. “Without the pen of Paine, the sword of Washington would have been wielded in vain.” ~ John Adams

Bell Ringer Non Advanced What were some motivations that patriots had to rebel? What were some motivations that loyalists had to remain loyal? Were all of the colonists Loyalists or Patriots?

Washington Retreats From New York Retreat From New York By mid-1776, fighting shifted to the middle colonies Washington suffers an embarrassing defeat from British General Howe . Retreats from New York in August 1776 The Americans retreat all the way to Pennsylvania Washington Retreats From New York

Surprise Victory at Trenton While in Pennsylvania, many American troops desert Thomas Paine writes another pamphlet “The American Crisis” encouraging Americans to keep fighting To boost morale, Washington is going to surprise attack the German mercenaries, the Hessians, stationed in Trenton, New Jersey Washington crosses the Delaware river on Christmas night and wins a huge victory over the Hessians Washington Before the Battle of Trenton

Saratoga: A Turning Point Gentleman Johnny Burgoyne is defeated in Saratoga after his plan to capture Albany fails American General Horatio Gates accepts his surrender Oct. 1777 The Battle of Saratoga is a turning point b/c: Ended the British threat in New England Destroyed British hope of an easy victory Raised Patriot spirits after Washington’s defeats Convinced Europeans to help Americans

Help From Overseas After the Battle of Saratoga, the Americans receive a variety of help from overseas Americans form an alliance with France and it’s allies who force Britain to fight on several fronts Volunteers join the American Army: Marquis de Lafayette (French noble who becomes high ranking soldier and friend of Washington) Thaddeus Kosciusko (Polish who trained cavalry) Baron von Steuben (German who turned Americans into effective fighting force)

Washington at Valley Forge Washington’s army suffers greatly during the winter of 1777-1778 at Valley Forge, PA 11,000 soldiers suffer from the cold, lack of shoes, starvation Friedrich von Steuben helps train the army Washington at Valley Forge