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Chapter 6 section 2 A critical time.

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1 Chapter 6 section 2 A critical time

2 Key notes Independence only works if you WIN THE WAR Moving now from New England towards the Middle States

3 Retreat from NY British attack on Staton Island, NY by Sir William Howe Washington knew about the attack, but soldiers were not prepared Battle of Long Island: British drove Washington out of Brooklyn, NY British kept pushing US army out of NY, into New Jersey Nathan Hale: Connecticut officer, became a spy. He was caught behind enemy lines, and was hanged next morning

4 Surprise for British British kept pushing US army west, and now was heading towards Philadelphia Thomas Payne (author of “Common Sense”) now writes “The Crisis” to boost morale among soldiers Washington marches troops on Christmas Day into Trenton (NJ) for a surprise attack on Dec. 26th; Defeated British, which were using mercenary soldiers from German Tricked British when they left – lit fires and snuck out overnight

5 Battle of saratoga British General John Burgoyne wanted to cut off US army from New England Decided to attack from 3 directions; From Canada (moving south), from West, and from South … Didn’t work Battle of Saratoga: ended British threat to New England, and destroyed hope for British. This lifted army’s spirits, and proved that they could win war.

6 Overseas help France allied with US; wanted to weaken Britain Before Saratoga, France gave money and arms to US; they didn’t want to openly support US until US could show they could win war France, with allies in Netherland and Spain, decides to join war on Britain

7 European volunteers Marquis de Lafayette French noble
Thaddeus Kosciusko Polish engineer Casimir Pulaski Polish cavalry leader Friedrich von Steuben German baron; trained US army; taught how to march, aim, and attack

8 Valley forge Horrible winter in Washington’s army was not sufficiently fed, clothed, and housed Soldiers lacked shoes, socks, and pants When Americans heard about conditions, they send help (food, medicine, clothes, ammunition); people came to Valley Forge and helped with sick and wounded

9 Vocabulary Mercenary Soldier who is paid to fight for a country other than their own Alliance Formal agreement between two powers to work together toward common goal Cavalry Units of troops on horseback

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