Design Theory – 6 Housing Semester – 6 Meghna S.

Social issues in Housing Security & safety Affordability Mobility (financial) Conflicts Inequality Ownership issues – property rights

Design issues in Housing Services Infrastructure & Amenities Increments in houses with growth or change in family Environmental issues Building material and technology Maintenance

Group housing “Group Housing” means a building unit constructed or to be constructed with one or more floors having more than two dwelling units having common service facilities. (as per Govt of India) Group housing: Housing structures designed to meet the special needs (such as housing, health, and socialization) of certain segments of the population, such as youth, the elderly, or the developmentally disabled. Group housing refers to the following types of structures: family care facilities, group care facilities (category I and category II), care units, and nursing homes.

Chawls of Mumbai Chawls are often 4 to 5 stories with about 10 to 20 units, which literally mean 'rooms' on each floor. Examples of industrial housing A usual tenement in a chawl consists of one all purpose room, that functions both as a living and sleeping space, and a kitchen that also serves as a dining room. A frequent practice is for the kitchen to also serve as a bedroom for a newly married couple, to give them some degree of privacy. Families on a floor have to share a common block of latrines, each block containing typically 4 to 5 latrines. People living in a chawl have little privacy.

Chicago School Chicago's architecture is also known as Commercial style. Commercial Style" to describe the innovative tall buildings of the era rather than proposing any sort of unified "school". Promotion of the new technologies of steel-frame construction in commercial buildings, and developed a spatial aesthetic which co-evolved with, and then came to influence, parallel developments in European Modernism. A "Second Chicago School" later emerged in the 1940s and 1970s which pioneered new building technologies and structural systems such as the tube-frame structure.

Chicago school Some of the distinguishing features of the Chicago School are the use of steel-frame buildings with masonry cladding (usually terra cotta), allowing large plate-glass window areas and limiting the amount of exterior ornamentation. Sometimes elements of neoclassical architecture are used in Chicago School skyscrapers. Many Chicago School skyscrapers contain the three parts of a classical column. FLW’s prairie style of architecture Louis Sullivan's Carson, Pirie, Scott & Co. Building

Unite d'Habitation The Unité d'Habitation is a modern housing design principle developed by Le Corbusier, with the collaboration of painter-architect Nadir Afonso. The concept formed the basis of several housing developments designed by him throughout Europe with this name. The most famous of these developments is located in Marseille

Unite d'Habitation Le Corbusier focused on “communal living for all the inhabitants to shop, play, live, and come together in a “vertical garden city.” a neighborhood within a mixed use, modernist, residential high rise Le Corbusier’s idea of the “vertical garden city” was based on bringing the villa within a larger volume that allowed for the inhabitants to have their own private spaces “City within a city” that is spatially, as well as, functionally optimized for the residents

Unite d'Habitation Le Corbusier incorporated his five points : Pilotis (For example, the buildings large volume is supported on massive pilotis that allow for circulation, gardens, and gathering spaces below the building) Roof garden/terrace creates the largest communal space within the entire building incorporated patio into the façade system minimizes the perception of the buildings height, as to create an abstract ribbon window that emphasizes the horizontality of such a large building. Beton brut – Brutalist style Modular proportion establishment

Assignments Housing by Charles Correa (Vashi, Belapur) Housing by B. V. Doshi Housing by Louis Kahn in Ahmedabad

Housing in India Gated community : any type of neighborhood that has controlled access, either for its residents or for certain group Advantages: - Safety Economic Impact Same architecture language – controlled development Disadvantages: - Exclusion / Isolation : poor social impact on society Monotony Examples: Lavasa city, any commercial scheme in today’s context etc

Housing in India Core city: organically developed city from a small settlement. Have its own pace of development – generally natural, significant CBD, market areas, neighborhoods created on the basis of caste, religion, economy or any other socio-economic factor no controlled access to any areas Advantages: - Safety due to strong neighbourhoods More sustainable model - Variety and enrichment Disadvantages: Conflicts Cities within a city due to different development of different timings Any old city of India – old Delhi, Ahmedabad, patan etc