US IMPERIALISM How does the United States expand its economic empire in Latin America & the Pacific?
A Sphere of Influence in Latin America Latin American landowners became wealthier after independence as weak governments put public land up for sale Many former army generals became Caudillos (dictators), Caudillos had support of the army, landowners and US Ex:, Juan Gomez of Venezuela thinks country “his personal cattle ranch”, Domingo Armiento feels order comes before social programs Caudillos focus on farming, little industrialization, causing Lat. Am to become dependant on US Latin Am countries must begin to borrow from US banks to pay for manufactured imports Due to heavy debt, US issues Monroe Doctrine to protect its interests in Latin Am. Monroe Doc is a broad warning for Europeans not to interfere in West Hemisphere
Spanish-American War 1868: Cuba declares independence from Spain but lose after 10 yrs 1895: Jose Martí starts second war of independence US will help Cuba in war w/ Spain because: 1)attack on USS Maine , 2) US business interests in Cuba US opens the war by attacking Spanish colony of the Philippines, not Cuba US Pres McKinley tells Filipinos (who were fighting Spain) that US is there to free them Spain can’t fight two wars - US wins & gains Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam & Philippines Cuba is independent, all others are colonies – Filipinos upset Emilio Aguinaldo leads independence movement against US, but fails
US Annexes Hawai’i In Kingdom of Hawai’i, American fruit & sugar growers account for 75% of Hawaiian wealth 1890: US puts tax on imported sugar (Hawaiian sugar now more expensive) American businesses in Hawai’i want the US to annex the country to avoid tax & get govt subsidy, US govt refuses request 1893: Queen Liliuokalani tries to change Hawaii’s constitution Queen wants more power for Hawaiian people, less for foreigners Group of American businessman overthrow Queen in a coup 1894: Sanford Dole is named President of the Republic of Hawai’i Dole asks US to annex Hawai’i, in 1898 US agrees to annex the republic
American Imperialism Cartoon Hawai’i Puerto Rico Philippines Samoa List all objects & words in the cartoon List any action you see in the cartoon (what is the eagle doing?) What does the cartoonist think about American Imperialism?
Roosevelt Corollary Political Cartoon Panama Canal .US wants a shortcut between Atlantic & Pacific, proposed a canal in the Colombian province of Panama US Pres Theodore Roosevelt offers Colombia $10 million for land After Columbia rejects the offer, US encourages Panamanians to rebel against Colombia With help from US Navy, Panama gains independence, gives US free land to build & allows US to own the canal US seen as “colossus of north”, Roosevelt Corollary added to Monroe Doc, allows US use force to protect its interests (police power) Panama Canal Roosevelt Corollary Political Cartoon 1. What is Roosevelt doing? 2.What has Latin America become? 3. How has Monroe Doctrine changed according to cartoon?
What oceans does the Panama canal connect? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fA-pnN54uPw&annotation_id=annotation_655031&feature=iv PANAMA CANAL (pg 386) What oceans does the Panama canal connect? How high are ships raised in the three locks? How long is the canal? How long did it take to build and how much did it cost? How many miles does the canal save a ship (ex: SF to NY) and why would that help?