Unit 1: Biology a view of Life Pgs 1-19

Student Outcomes Distinguish between the living and nonliving. Describe the levels of biological organization from smallest to largest. Compare and contrast the 3 domains of life.

Student Outcomes Give a brief overview of the relationship between evolution and biology. Describe the flow of energy through ecosystems. Understand and Perform steps of the scientific method.

Key Terms Prokaryote Eukaryote Metabolism Homeostasis Stimulus Response Adaptation Biosphere Taxonomy Theory Evolution Hypothesis Classification Heterotroph Autotroph Binomial Nomenclature Mutation Natural Selection

Science In Latin means to know or to discover Based on Direct Observations and a Testable Hypothesis Measureable Not a ‘belief’ Astrology and whitchcraft, ghosts, religion are not science

Living vs Nonliving Organisms…. Are composed of cells Grow and Develop Perform and regulate chemical activities Respond to stimuli Reproduce Evolve and adapt to the environment Growth occurs lifelong in some organisms or stops at adulthood in others (animals) Development includes all the changes that take place. Chemical activities are known as metabolism. Must be regulated to maintain homeostasis.

Levels of Organization (smallest to largest) Atoms - _____________ Molecules - _____________ Cells - _______________ Tissues - _____________ Organs - ______________ Organ Systems - _____________ Organism - ________________

Levels of Organization (smallest to largest) Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere

Systematics (study of diversity and relationships of organisms) * Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Domains Eubacteria Archaea Eukarya - (Eukaryotes)

Kingdoms Eubacteria - bacteria Archaea - Archaebacteria Eukarya - Animalia, Fungi, Plantae, Protista

Major Themes Evolution - Populations will change ‘evolve’ over time Information Transfer-cells must communicate with each other and from parent to offspring. Energy For Life - continuous supply of energy

Species evolve Natural selection drives the evolution of organisms (finches, pests, superbugs) Darwin’s Origin of Species in 1859 Variations by mutations New discoveries in genetics have given support to the evolution theory

Energy Pyramid Producers Consumers Decomposers

Energy Pyramid Producers - Autotrophs - Photosynthesis Consumers/Decomposers - Heterotrophs Primary consumers - Herbivores Secondary consumers - carnivores Teritiary consumers - carnivores (What would a venus fly trap be???)

Energy Pyramid What supplies the initial energy? Where is energy converted? When/Where is energy lost? What happens when an organisms dies?

Scientific Method Problem/Question Research Hypothesis Experiment Data Gathering and Analyzing Conclusion This is the formal way of doing research/problem solving. However, many discoveries are made by ‘accident’ Scientists working on other ‘problems’ and make a discovery on something else. EX: nutrasweet.

Scientific Method cont. After experiment is repeated, then publish findings and limitations. Experiment and findings must be supported by others-Peer Review

Hypothesis Two Types Null Hypothesis Directional Hypothesis

Hypotheses (see next slide first) Effect music has on the growth of plants. Effect music has on a person’s ability to retain information while studying. Effect music has on 17 year olds ability to retain information while studying. Effect music has on 17 year old males ability to retain information while studying.

Experiment Must include a control for comparison Must be appropriate sample size Must be repeatable Two types of variables: IV-independent variable DV-dependent variable

Avoiding bias Blind study Double blind study

Data Must be recorded unbiased Use standard deviation to determine if data from the variable is statistically different. Give examples of polls and such (40 +- 4 % points)

Conclusion Not important if hypothesis is correct or not. Information learned about the question is what is important!!!

Science Theories The longer a theory exists in time and/or the more effort to prove it false the stronger the theory becomes.