1. AP Biology What is Biology? How do we study it? What is Biology? How do we study it?

2. Biology- the Science of Life Name some ways that Biology is relevant to society today.

3. What is living and what is not? Organisms are composed of cells Organisms grow and develop

4. What is living and what is not? Organisms regulate their metabolic processes Movement is a basic property of cells

5. What is living and what is not? Organisms respond to stimuli Organisms reproduce Populations evolve and become adapted to the environment

6. Genes Proteins Hormones Neurotransmitters

7. Hierarchical Reductionism

8. Levels of Organization Chemical level- atoms and molecules Cellular level- prokaryotic and eukaryotic

9. Levels of Organization Tissues- organization of cells Organs- organization of tissues

10. Levels of Organization Organ Systems- organization of organs Organism- organization of organ systems

11. Populations Biosphere Community Ecology Ecosystem

12. Systematics- studies the diversity of organisms and their evolutionary relationships Taxonomy- the science of naming and classifying organisms

13. Taxonomy is hierarchical Kingdoms are broken down into phyla, class, orders, families, genera, and species

14. Archaea Eubacteria Eukarya

15. Two domains are dedicated to prokaryotes (organisms whose cells lack nuclei and other membrane-bound organelles) Archaea Eubacteria

16. One domain is dedicated to eukaryotes (organisms whose cells have nuclei and other membrane-bound organelles) Eukarya

17. EubacteriaFungi Archaea Plantae Protista Animalia

18. Eubacteria consists of bacteria

19. Archaea- unique group of prokaryotic organisms that have been split off from the bacterial kingdom

20. Protista- protozoans and algae

21. Developed the binomial nomenclature used today to classify organisms

22. Fungi- mushrooms, molds, and yeasts

23. Plantae- plants (duh!)

24. Animalia- animals, of course!

25. For many, evolution is the primary unifying concept in the study of biology. Species adapt in response to changes in the environment. Natural selection is an important mechanism by which evolution proceeds Darwin Wallace

26. Populations can also evolve as a result of selective pressures from changes in the environment.

27. Biology is Studied Using the Scientific Method

28. Science is based on systematic thought processes Science includes both deductive and inductive reasoning

34. Experimental and control group Ideally differs by only one variable- the variable being studied

35. Used in medical studies. Neither the patient nor the physician know who is getting the experimental treatment– use to prevent bias.

36. Scientists draw conclusions from the results of experiments. Sampling error may lead to inaccuracy.

37. Hypothesis Theory A well- supported hypothesis may lead to a theory

38. A theory that is nearly universally accepted

39. A statement about a relationship that never changes/varies (ex. the law of gravity)

40. Energy flows through individual cells and organisms Cellular respiration produces energy for most cells

41. Energy flows through ecosystems Energy flows from producers to consumers and decomposers

43. Producers manufacture their own food Producers (autotrophs) are typically photosynthetic

46. Consumers obtain energy by eating producers Consumers (heterotrophs) depend on the producers

49. Decomposers obtain energy from wastes and dead organisms Important decomposers include bacteria and fungi