Solutes and Solubility

Classification of Matter Classify according to 4 states of matter Classify by the units they are made of

Elements Matter is made up of atoms if all atoms in a sample have same identity, that matter is an element.

Examples Al Cu Ag

Compounds Made from atoms of 2 or more elements that are combined

H2 + O

Na + Cl

Wrap-up Substance: an element or compound can’t be reduced to more basic components by physical processes

Mixtures Material made up of 2 or more substances that can be separated by physical means.

Each substance in a mixture keeps its own properties and identity

NaCl H2O

Mixtures cont’d Don’t always contain the same amounts of the different substances that make them up

Heterogeneous mixture Different materials can be easily distinguished Not uniformly mixed

Examples Granite Concrete Inside of your locker or backpack

Solutions Homogeneous mixture Two or more substances are uniformly spread out

Solution particles never settle to bottom of container Remain constantly and uniformly mixed

Solutions How They Form

Solutions Homogeneous mixture in which particles are evenly distributed throughout Do not settle, do not disperse light

Types of solutions Solutions are classified as solid, liquid, or gas depending on their final state

Solute: substance being dissolved Solution terms Solute: substance being dissolved Solvent: substance dissolving the solute

Substance present in largest amt is the solvent Air: 78% N, 21% O, 1% Ar. Solvent of air? Sterling silver: 92.5% Ag, 7.5% Cu. Solvent?

Alloy – a soluti0n of a metal and another element (usually another metal) Ex.: brass (copper and zinc); bronze (copper and tin); cast iron (iron and carbon)