Bellringer Open up your Egypt INB, go to “The Pharaoh” page In your book, read pages 108-109 and fill out the “Political Leader” and “Religious Leader” bubbles with at least 4 facts each from the text

Khufu: The greatest Pharaoh 4th Dynasty Ruled the first half of the Old Kingdom Had Great Pyramids built Ruthless & harsh ruler Worshipped as a god after his death

Old Kingdom 3rd-6th dynasties Pharaohs believed to be gods Had absolute power Capitol in Memphis Large number of pyramids constructed “Age of the Pyramids” Big developments in Egyptian art and architecture

Old Kingdom Achievements

Collapse of the Old Kingdom Low flood levels in the Nile Led to famine Two dynasties fought for power Egypt split into two kingdoms again North & South

Middle Kingdom: 2055 BC - 1650 BC “Period of Reunification” Mentuhotep II reunified Egypt Osiris became the most important god Lasted until the 12th dynasty Capitol was Thebes Began the “Golden Age” of Egypt Gained control of Nubia Many improvements in farming and irrigation Arts flourished

Decline of Middle Kingdom: The Hyksos In the 1600’s, nobles challenged pharaoh’s power Outsiders, the Hyksos, invaded Egypt while it was weaker Hyksos used horse drawn chariots, weapons made of bronze & iron Took control of Egypt Egyptians learned how to use their chariots 100 years later, Ahmose formed an army and drove the Hyksos out of Egypt

New Kingdom 1550 BC – 1070 BC Ahmose founded a new dynasty Egypt grew in trade and territory Egyptians began trading with Arabia & East Africa Traded incense, metal tools, beads, weapons, gold, ivory, ebony wood Egyptians valued wood, because they didn’t have much in Egypt! Began to trade with the Phoenicians Egyptians had: wheat, paper (papyrus), gold, copper, tin and tools Phoenicians had: purple dye, wood, furniture Phoenician alphabet & writing system influence others through trade. Our alphabet was influenced by the ancient Phoenicians!

New Kingdom Pharaohs Amenhotep IV: 1370 BC Tutankhamen Introduced Aton, a new sun god, as Egypt’s only god Changed his name to Akhenaton, meaning “spirit of Aton” Moved capital to Thebes Made priests and people angry Tutankhamen King at 10 years old Restored worship of many gods Restored power to priests and officials Died mysteriously at 19

Decline of Egypt Ramses II, 1279 BC-1213 BC Greatest of the last pharaohs Known as Ramses the Great Built many magnificent temples Pharaoh during the Exodus?? After Ramses’s death, Egypt declined Many costly wars Outside invaders found ways into Egypt By 1150 BC Egypt only controlled the delta By 900 BC, Libyans controlled Egypt By 670 BC, the Assyrians from Mesopotamia took control

PEE Paragraph! Your choice! (On Showbie) A: How did the Middle Kingdom differ from the Old Kingdom OR B: How did the New Kingdom differ from the Middle Kingdom?