Russian Revolution Background

Emancipation of Serfs 1861 Nihilism Assassinated by Anarchists in 1881 Alexander II 1855-1881 Emancipation of Serfs 1861 Nihilism Assassinated by Anarchists in 1881

Alexander III Reactionary Response Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and National Character Russification

Nicholas II 1894-1917 Weak Leader Rising protest and challenges 1905 Revolt October Manefesto/Duma Abdicated Throne in 1917

February Revolution March 8 – International Women’s Day Petrograd protest over food shortages Soldiers– key development Tsar abdicates

Provisional Government Evolved from Dumas Multi-party assembly – Social Democrats (Menshiviks/Bolsheviks), Social Revolutionaries, Octoberist, Tsarist Alexander Kerensky At odds with Petrograd Soviet – dual authority

April Thesis Lenin returns to Russia Establishes clear and separate vision for Bolshevik party

July Days Increasing unrest – Economic collapse, political stalemate, opposition to the war Peace, Land, and Bread Lenin refuses to take charge

Kornilov Revolt Reactionary attempt to take over the government Strengthened support for Bolsheviks

October Revolution Attack on the Winter Palace Fairly easy take over of the government despite later propaganda imagery Places Bolsheviks at the center of government Power consolidated at January Constitutional Assembly.

Civil War Reds (Bolsheiviks) vs Whites (Everyone else) Checka and centralized power War Communism

. Russia Estonia Latvia Lithuania Germany Ukraine Brest-Litovsk The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 1918 Russia Estonia . Latvia Lithuania Germany Ukraine Brest-Litovsk Russian territory ceded to Germany

The abandonment of the Constituent Assembly The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 1918 Factors that helped Lenin impose Communist control in Russia 1917-1924. The Cheka The Civil War 1918-1921 Success of the New Economic Policy The execution of Tsar Nicholas II 1918 War Communism The Kronstadt Revolt 1921