1. The Russian Revolution

4. A . The Reign of Nicholas II
Conditions
Crowned absolute monarch, “Czar” in 1894
Married to Czarina Alexandra
Eldest son Alexi stricken with hemophilia
Nicholas II naïve to the dissatisfaction in society
Results
Russia under Nicholas politically unstable
Liberals wanted a democratic government
Repressed minorities wanted independence
Peasants wanted land reform; workers wanted better working conditions
Military lost Russo-Japanese War in 1904
Many Russians questioned the czar’s system

5. What do you see? Who do you see? What was this infamous day?

6. B. The 1905 Revolution Conditions Results
On Bloody Sunday (Jan. 22nd 1905) the czar’s police killed hundreds of unarmed workers marching peacefully in St. Petersburg
Results
Revolts and strikes spread throughout Russia
Radicals organized worker’s councils (soviets)
Czar concedes democratic powers, in form of legislature called the Duma, then takes those powers back
Czar’s minister Stolypin attempts land reform and is assassinated

7. What do you see?
Who do you see?
When might this photo have been taken?

8. C. World War I in Russia Conditions Results
Russia honors alliances and joins World War I
Czar Nicholas II takes personal command of the army
Strange monk Rasputin, gains power with czarina back at the court
Army suffers many military defeats
Results
Discontent of soldiers, peasants, and workers
Russia suffers most devastating losses in World War I

9. What do you see? Who do you see? When might this photo have been taken?

10. D. The February Revolution
Conditions
Women’s March for “bread and peace” on International Women’s Day 1917 turns into widespread revolt
Representatives of workers, peasants, and soldiers lead revolution from Petrograd Soviet
The Duma forms the Provisional Government
Results
Czar Nicholas II abdicates
Kerensky leads the Provisional Government

11. What do you see? Who do you see? Which event might this painting depict?

12. E. Lenin and the Great October Revolution
Conditions
Lenin, a Marxist revolutionary, leader of the Bolshevik party, sneaks back into Russia
Lenin protests against Provisional Government: calls for “land, bread and peace.”
The Red Guard, under Bolshevik control, gains weapons and power
Provisional Government continues to fight in World War I
Results
Russian Revolution, or Great October Revolution, begins Oct. 25th, 1917 as Trotsky’s Red Guard seizes most of Petrograd
Lenin proclaims socialist state, nationalizes all land
Civil War between “Reds”(Bolsheviks) and “Whites” (anti-Communists) eventually won by Lenin and Bolsheviks in 1922
In Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 1918, drops out of World War I, suffers great losses

13. What do you see? Who do you see? When might this photo have been taken?

14. F. The Soviet Union Under Lenin
Conditions
Russia was devastated after World War I and Civil War – lost one half of its population
By 1922, wages dropped to one tenth of prewar levels
Western nations blockaded Russia so nothing could leave or enter
Lenin concerned new socialist experiment would fail
Results
Lenin described his New Economic Policy (NEP) as “taking one step backward to go two steps forward”
The NEP helped to jump start the economy with small-scale capitalism
After NEP success, the Communist party introduced measures to bring about a classless society