Roots of American Government

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Presentation transcript:

Roots of American Government 4.2

Today’s Assignment Revise your FCAT writing from last class. Chapter 4, section 2 (pg. 74-77) Today’s vocabulary: Direct Democracy Republic Natural Rights Separation of Powers Magna Carta English Bill of Rights

Discussion Read the quote from John Adams (pg. 74). Do you think looking at the past can help shape the future?

Discussion cont. The city-state of Athens (Ancient Greece) World’s first form of Direct democracy Ancient Rome created a Republic A system of government in which representatives were elected to make laws. Sound familiar?

Discussion cont. England in the Middle Ages In England, people were subjects – they were subjected to the king’s opinion and wants. Two documents limited the power of the monarchy (king/queen).

Discussion cont. Magna Carta (Great Charter) – 1215 British noblemen forced King John to sign a document that listed rights to noblemen that could not be revoked Rights such as: Right to travel freely Right to a fair trial

Discussion cont. English Bill of Rights – 1689 Passed by the Parliament, a group of elected representatives (similar to Congress) Listed rights that apply to ALL English citizens

Discussion cont. Natural rights – A right that people are born with that no government cannot take away. Is free speech a natural right? Driving? Walking?

Discussion cont. What people were inspirations to the Founding Fathers? We will talk about two.

Discussion cont. John Locke (1632-1704) Representative Democracy is the only natural government It is from the people Gov’t must protect natural rights

Discussion cont. Montesquieu (1689-1755) Proposed a separation of powers, or dividing the government into three parts Legislative – makes laws Executive – enforces laws Judicial – interprets the meaning of laws

Discussion cont. Other thinkers: Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712- 1778) Believed that direct democracy was the best way to ensure the freedom of the people

Discussion cont. Thomas Hobbes (1588- 1679) Believed an absolute monarch could best keep the “social contract” An imaginary contract that everyone agrees to submit to one person to keep peace and order

In Class Assignment Pick one of the four philosophers we just discussed . Using a sheet of paper, make an illustration that shows their ideas that influenced (or did not influence) the founding fathers. Put the philosopher’s name at the bottom center of the sheet. All of your information goes on the upper right as usual.

In Class Assignment Locke – Representative Democracy is the only way, government must protect natural rights Montesquieu – Three branches of government Rousseau - Direct democracy is the only way Hobbes – All should submit to a monarch with absolute power