1. Study guide answers

2. 1.Thomas Jefferson-Wrote the Declaration of Independence, took influence from many enlightenment writers and other governments
2.John Locke-was an enlightenment thinker that believed people have rights to life, liberty, and property (natural rights) and government must protect those rights.
3.Thomas Paine- wrote Common Sense, wanted independence

3. 4.Baron de Montesquieu-believed you should separate the parts of government so no one part would become to powerful; separation of powers
5.Thomas Hobbs- people agree to be ruled because their ruler protects their rights (social contract) believed in the agreement between government and its people
6.Voltaire: people have the right to speak freely and the right to liberty. Supported freedom of religion and trade
7.Jean Jacques Rousseau: believed the legislative power belonged to the people. He wrote the Social Contract in Believed people have the right to decide how to be governed

4. Magna Carta: King John was forced to sign it in 1215
Magna Carta: King John was forced to sign it in this document limited the King’s (established the principal of limited government) power and gave nobles rights such as equal treatment under the law and trial by ones peers.
Mayflower Compact: written in 1620 by Pilgrims as they immigrated from Europe to North America. Established a direct democracy in the Plymouth colony. Was a social compact they agreed to follow
English Bill of Rights: In 1688 Parliament forced King JamesII from the throne and asked Mary and her husband to rule instead (Glorious Revolution) before they were able to rule they had to agree to rules set by parliament. -made parliament have more power than monarch. Provided the English people with rights that no king could take away
Declaration of Independence: document that explained to the world why the colonists should be free from British rule. Drew in ideas from enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke, Voltaire, and Jean Jacques Rousseau as well as ideas from the English Bill of rights and the Greek empire

5. Democracy: a government in which citizens hold the power to rule
Direct democracy
Representative democracy
Republic: a representative democracy where citizens choose their lawmakers

6. Limited Government: the principle that a ruler or a government is not all powerful
Legislature: group of people who make laws
Natural rights
Social contract
Cash Crop: a crop produced mainly for sale
Liberty: the quality or state of being free

7. Proclamation
Boycott
Repeal: to cancel a law
Duty: tax on imported goods
Delegate: a representative to a meeting

8. What is the British legislature known as? Parliament
What document was written in 1215 and limited the kings power? Magna Carta
What act taxed items such as glass, paper, lead, and tea? Townshend Acts
What was the first legislative body in the colonies? House of Burgesses

9. Where was Jamestown located? Virginia
What caused the Boston Tea Party? What happened during it? The British pasted the tea act-Parliament control over taxes angered the colonists and they board the ships and dumped 342 crates of tea into the Boston Harbor
Describe the Stamp Act-the first direct British tax on the American colonists. Put a tax on every piece of printed paper they used
Why did the King start to tax the colonist in the first place? Colonists caused the French and Indian War-King wanted them to pay off the debt

10. What was the first permanent English colony in North America? Jamestown
What country has influenced the political history of the United States? English/ Britain
List the rights granted in the English Bill of Rights: No imprisonment without due process of law, no loss of property without due process of law, no cruel punishment, no standing army in time of peace without Parliament’s consent, No taxation without Parliament’s consent, Subjects have the right to bear arms, right to petition the king, freedom of speech in Parliament

11. What are three inalienable rights that are guaranteed by the Declaration of Independence? Life, liberty, and pursuit of Happiness
How has John Locke influenced the American government? His ideas about the social contract and natural rights exist in government

12. First Continental Congress: 12 delegates gathered together from 12 colonies to plan a united response to the Coercive Acts. They discussed what to do about the issues between Great Britain and the colonist. Decided to send a letter to the king asking him to respect colonists’ rights as British citizens. They agreed to meet again in the spring if things did not improve
Second Continental Congress: Congress had to decide whether to work towards peace or split with Great Britain. They acted as the governing body for the colonies. More than half the delegates of the Second Continental Congress favored independence
What kind of government was the House of Burgesses? Representative Democracy

13. What kind of government did the Mayflower Compact establish
What kind of government did the Mayflower Compact establish? Direct Democracy
What kind of government did Rome have? Greece? Rome: republic Greece: direct democracy.
Rome created the republic
Greece created the idea of democracy

14. Add the following questions to your study guide
Why was the government of Greece called a direct democracy? The people governed themselves
How did the English Bill of Rights change the nature of English government? It made parliament more powerful than the monarch
Coercive acts: put into place after the Boston Tea Party to punish the colonists. Meant to scare the colonists into respecting Britain but instead made the colonist ban together

15. What two ancient democracies helped shape the system of government we have today? Rome
What key events led to growing colonial support for independence? Parliament’s Coercive Acts, King George’s attitude, Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
What ideas about government did Jefferson draw on in writing the Declaration of Independence? He drew on Greek ideas about democracy, John Locke’s ideas about social contracts and natural rights. Rousseau’s and Voltaire’s ideas about people’s right to freedom