Porosity  Types of porosity:

Permeability Aquifer  Good aquifers: Aquicludes (aquitards) 

The Water Table Elevation of the water table 

Water table rises or falls based on Discharge  Water table rises or falls based on Recharge 

Water well  Cone of depression  Water flows into the well & fills it to the level of the ____________________________. Cone of depression 

…forms in ________ ________ Karst Topography …forms in ________ ________

Sinkholes  Sinkholes form: -- Montana

Caves  Cavern  How do caves form? A B

Cave Deposits Stalactites  Stalagmites  3. Columns  4. Drip curtains  5. Travertine terraces 

Artesian Systems

Subsidence

Contamination Sources: Oxidation, bacterial degradation, & filtering

Contamination

_____% of water for domestic use (rural America) Groundwater Quality _____% of water for domestic use (rural America) Natural factors controlling quality: **control amt & type of dissolved material (Ca, Fe, &F) in groundwater. Undesirable effects of dissolved material:

Hydrothermal Activity Geysers, hot springs & mud pots are formed by A B

Mammoth Hot Springs in Yellowstone Natl Park

Geysers Old Faithful “erupts” hot water & steam every 30-90 min. Yellowstone Natl. Park

~___% of world’s energy needs could be met. Geothermal energy  used for ~___% of world’s energy needs could be met.