MATERIALS ASSESSMENT AND TEACHING 1

INTRODUCTION TO INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN PROCESS The role of instructional design: Instructional design is based on what we know about learning theories, information technology, systematic analysis (objective analysis), and management methods. 2

THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE LEARNING OUTCOMES . The instructional design approach considers instruction from the perspective of the learner rather than from the perspective of the content. * What level of readiness do individual students need for accomplishing the objectives? *What instructional strategies are most appropriate in terms of objectives and learner characteristics? 3

* What media or other resources are most suitable? *What support is needed for successful learning? * How is achievement of the objectives determined? * What revisions are necessary if a tryout of the program does not match expectations? 4

KEY ELEMENTS OF THE INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN PROCESS 1. For whom is the program developed? (characteristics of learners or trainees?) 2. What do you want the learners or trainees to learn or demonstrate? (objectives) 3. How is the subject content or skill best learned? (instructional strategies) 4. How do you determine the extent to which learning is achieved? (evaluation procedures) 5

These four fundamental components—learners, objectives, methods, and evaluation—form the framework for systematic instructional planning. These components are interrelated and could make up an entire instructional design plan. 6

THE COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN PLAN Nine elements in a comprehensive instructional design plan: 1. Identify instructional problems, and specify goals for designing an instructional program. 2. Examine learner characteristics that should receive attention during planning. 3. Identify subject content, and analyze task components related to stated goals and purposes. 7

4. State instructional objectives for the learner. 5. Sequence content within each instructional unit for logical learning. 6. Design instructional strategies so that each learner can master the objectives. 7. Plan the instructional message and delivery. 8. Develop evaluation instruments to assess objectives. 9. Select resources to support instruction and learning activities. 8

revision topic objectives instruction evaluation revision 9