THE SPANISH AND THE NATIVES _Hernando Cortez_ defeated Aztec ruler Montezuma II Spanish conquered Aztecs by the early 16th century.

THE SPANISH AND THE NATIVES Another conquistador (Spanish), _Pizarro_ wiped out the Inca empire in present-day Peru.

THE SPANISH AND THE NATIVES In North America, _de Soto_ explored the Mississippi River _Coronado_ explored the Grand Canyon (where he was a guide)

THE SPANISH AND THE NATIVES The Spanish established colonies rather than trading settlements like the Portuguese due to 2 goals: acquire wealth convert Natives to Christianity.

THE SPANISH AND THE NATIVES The lifestyle of the Native Americans was changed with the introduction of horses and cattle from Europe.

COLONIES RELATIONSHIP WITH PARENT COUNTRY The European colonies in the Americas _imitated_ the cultures and social patterns of their parent country. Colonies provided _raw_ materials and a market for _manufactured/finished_ goods. Colonization led to rivalries and competition between the European countries.

NATIVE AMERICANS’ RELATIONSHIP WITH THE SPANISH The population of the Native Americans dropped dramatically between 1500-1600. The most important reason was the Spaniards brought _diseases_ which wiped out large numbers of Natives.

EFFECTS OF DISEASE European diseases killed more Native Americans than any other cause. During the early period of Spanish colonialism, the deaths of large numbers of native people led to importation of slaves from Africa.

Netherlands Dutch East India Company gained control of trade with _Asia_. Chronological order of trade dominance over Indian Ocean trade: Muslims, Portuguese, Dutch. European navigation improved as a result of knowledge from Muslim navigators.

France Hired _Verrazano_ to find a Northwest Passage to Asia (failed). _Jacques Cartier_: claimed much of Eastern Canada for France. _Samuel de Champlain_ found _Quebec_ (1st permanent French settlement in the America).

England In the 1400’s the Caravel (English ship) was introduced improving navigation and exploration.

England _John Cabot_ (Italian) : Explored northern North America for Henry VII.