Skeletal System

Cranium Sternum Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ribs Pelvis Vertebra Radius Ulna (U=Underneath) Carpals Metacarpals Femur Phalanges Patella Fibula Tibia T=Thick Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges

Functions of the Skeleton

Support The skeleton supports the body in a variety of positions. The bones and skeletal system give the body shape and acts as a framework. Examples: The bones of the legs support the body. The vertebrae support the head.

Movement The skeleton is jointed to allow us to move when the muscles attached to them contract. Where bones meet they form joints, which act as levers. Example: The bones and joints work with muscles to enable us to walk, jog and sprint. The vertebrae allow us to bend, stretch and rotate our body.

Protection The hard nature of bone means that the skeleton can protect the more delicate parts of the body. Examples: The cranium (skull) protects the soft tissue of the brain. The rib cage protects the delicate heart, lungs and other vital organs.

Blood Cell Production Red and white blood cells are made in red bone marrow which is found at the ends of the femur and humerus Red Bone Marrow

Function of Skeleton Explanation Importance in sport Movement Shape / Support Protection

Function of Skeleton Explanation Importance in sport Movement Muscle attachment to Bones Action when playing a shot needs movement Shape / Support Provides a rigid framework to hold the player upright Allows the player to hold the body upright Protection Bones protect vital organs Skull protects brain from a blow to the head

Types of Bones There are 4 main types of bones in the human body. Each type has a different size and shape because they have different jobs to do: Long Bones – These are long and affect our overall height, e.g. the legs & arms (femur & humerus). Short Bones – These are smaller and are often found with many others, e.g. the feet & hands (phalanges). Flat Bones – These are flat and are often found forming a protective surface, e.g. the skull (cranium) and pelvis. Irregular Bones – These are irregular in shape and have a specific function, e.g. the bones of the spine (vertebral column).

Types of Synovial Joints HINGE joint Movement in only one plane Knee/elbow BALL AND SOCKET 3 planes of motion involving a concave surface Hip joint/ Shoulder joint PIVOT Joint Turning movement about one long central axis Neck - atlas/axis

Task Draw a synovial joint in action in a sport of your choice. e.g. a footballer kicking a ball – focus on knee. Fully label the parts of the joint and state how it allows the movement.