Lesson 1

Gettysburg

Focus You are going to look at two key questions: To what extent was Gettysburg the key turning point of the war? Why was the Confederacy defeated?

Tasks Read pages 164- 172 and make notes on the remaining battles. Use illustrations etc. to help you remember the key battles and their outcomes. Is it simply a case of inevitable victory for the Union following Gettysburg? For each battle give it a turning point rating: 10 This is the moment that changed the war- 1 Nothing new here. Go back to your Battles hand out and do the same for all the earlier battles.

Turning Points Top 3 For each of the top three battles/events that you consider to be the most significant turning points write a paragraph justifying why it was a key turning point. Under your paragraph produce a set of bullet points that would be the basis of a counter argument for that battle/ event being the key turning point.

What has a head, a tail, is brown, and has no legs? . Penny

50 QUESTIONS The rules are simple… There are 50 questions. We will go around the classroom, with one person answering one question. At the end of the 50 questions, you will receive a time and a number of correct answers out of 50.

By the end of this lesson, everybody will be able to… IDENTIFY internal and external reasons why the Confederacy lost the American Civil War EXPLAIN how important each reason is JUDGE AND JUSTIFY why the Confederacy lost the American Civil War

Was the cause of Confederate defeat external, or internal? The key historiographical debate about the Civil War in general, is whether the cause of Confederate defeat external, or internal… Those who emphasize internal causes attribute the failure to breakdowns in Confederate leadership, both political and military, and errors on the battlefield. Those who stress external causes attribute this defeat to the military might of the Union, Lincoln’s wartime leadership, and Union general-ship.

Reasons for Confederate Defeat in the American Civil War Internal External Missed Confederate Opportunities Military Leadership Too attack minded? Guerrilla warfare Focus too much on Virginia Western Commanders Confederate will Lack of nationalism Religious doubts Slavery qualms Division of the Confederacy Confederate Women Robert E. Lee Confederate Leadership (Davis) Skill of the Union Generals Strength of the Union Will Union Leadership (Abraham Lincoln) Emancipation Proclaimation Reasons for Confederate Defeat in the American Civil War

Why did the Confederacy lose the American Civil War? Use one colour to identify internal reasons, and a to identify external reasons Decide how important each reason is. The more important the reason, the bigger the circle. Make notes on each reason, either on the back on the A3 sheet, or on A4 lined paper. REASON X INTERNAL REASON X EXTERNAL REASON X REASON X REASON X REASON X REASON X

Lesson 2

By the end of this lesson, everybody will be able to… IDENTIFY internal and external reasons why the Confederacy lost the American Civil War EXPLAIN how important each reason is JUDGE AND JUSTIFY why the Confederacy lost the American Civil War

Exam Preparation Internal External missed Confederate opportunities military and political leadership effectiveness of the ‘offensive-defensive’ strategy failure to make better use of guerrilla warfare lack of nationalism/will preoccupation with Virginia. External Union comparative strength in man and industry the Emancipation Proclamation Skill of Union generals and Lincoln

Internal Missed Confederate opportunities - early stages of the war (battle handout) First Bull Run Jackson at Seven Days Poor leadership at Vicksburg and Gettysburg Military and Political leadership Jefferson Davis Johnston Difference between the East and the West Effectiveness of the ‘offensive-defensive’ strategy (p.175-6) Impact on Manpower Outcome of battles where Lee is offensive Preoccupation with Virginia. (pp.176-7) Resources Davis influence Impact in the West

External: Failure to make better use of guerrilla warfare (p.176) Beginning they were not organised Lack of Strategy Spin out of control When tried to be organised – they don’t like it Lack of nationalism/will Perceived division between classes in the Confederacy Centralised government Shared values with the North Religion (God’s will)

External Union comparative strength in man and industry Population Railway Industrial Production The Emancipation Proclamation Support from Britain South manpower shortage/troops for North Nature of the Civil War (preserve Union > war against slavery) Skill of Union generals and Lincoln Lincoln effective leadership Grant and Sherman Strength of Union Will Life went on as usual (not invaded) Union losses were lower Prosperity during the war Campaigns and battle outcomes

FACTOR: ________________ POINT EVIDENCE EXPLAIN JUDGEMENT

Introduction Context – background information to the question/what you are going to talk about. Criteria – how will you judge whether X is a major cause of division between the North and South Argument – what is your essay going to argue

Conclusion Summarise your judgement on each factor you mention Come to your overall argument

RANDOM

V. Was the Union victory inevitable given its advantages? AGREE Union victory was inevitable given its advantages Disagree Union victory was not inevitable given its advantages V. USE your notes to form your argument TOP TIP! READ WHAT THE OTHER SIDE ARE GOING TO ARGUE, CAN YOU COUNTER WHAT THEY WILL SAY? Kind

Power Political/Military leadership Virginia Emancipation Union General Lincoln Missed Opportunity Nationalism Guerrilla Attack minded Get students to link together the reasons for the failure of the Confederacy

The Emancipation Proclamation was a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863. It purported to change the federal legal status of more than 3 million enslaved people in the designated areas of the South from "slave" to "free", although its actual effect was less. It had the practical effect that as soon as a slave escaped the control of the Confederate government, by running away or through advances of federal troops, the slave became legally free. Eventually it reached and liberated all of the designated slaves. It was issued as a war measure during the American Civil War, directed to all of the areas in rebellion and all segments of the executive branch (including the Army and Navy) of the United States.[2]