Unit 1 Introduction to Earth Science Do Now: Working in pairs, make and record as many observations as you can about this classroom

Quantitative vs Qualitative Which observations do you think are quantitative? Which observations do you think are qualitative?

Qualitative Use your SENSES to observe your environment

Quantitative Observations made with instruments such as rulers and thermometers. These observations are MEASURABLE (numbers)

Observation Perception of some aspect of the environment

Inference The interpretation of an observation

Misconception These usually result from incorrect inferences that become commonly believed Can your group come up with 3 common misconceptions (can be from anything)

Measuring Earth

Aim: What are the different “spheres” of the Earth and how can we describe them? Do Now: Watch the video, using your observations, make 2 inferences.

Size and Shape Oblate Spheroid – NOT a perfect circle

Spheres of Earth Atmosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere Biosphere

Atmosphere Layer of gases that surrounds Earth above the surface of liquid water and rocky material Nitrogen: 78% Oxygen: 21% Includes some aerosols (suspended liquids and solids)

Hydrosphere Layer of liquid water that lies between the atmosphere and much of the upper layer of Earth’s interior. About 70% of Earth’s surface is covered by oceans Composition: H20

Lithosphere Layer of rock that forms the solid outer shell at the top of Earth’s interior Approximately 100 kilometers thick Upper portion of lithosphere is known as the crust

Biosphere Consists of all the living organisms on the planet

Spheres Picture Assignment Your assignment for today is: Draw a picture that includes all 4 spheres of Earth Make sure your LABEL each part of your picture as either biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, or atmosphere

Locating Positions on Earth Coordinate system Uses latitude (North/South) and longitude (East/West) Equator = 0 degrees (latitude) Prime Meridian = 0 degrees (longitude)

Polaris (North Star) Altitude of Polaris equals latitude in the northern hemisphere

Percent Deviation or Percent Error Measurements are rarely perfect because of… Imperfections in the tools we use Carelessness and human error

Mass How much matter something is made up of

Volume How much space something takes up

Density Concentration of matter in an object

Other ways to write the density formula

Phases of Matter and Density Can you think of a substance where as it changes from liquid to solid, density increases?

Fields and Isolines A field is a region of space with some measurable value at every point Isolines connect points of equal field values Rule: Isolines can NEVER touch or cross each other Field (The whole area) Isoline

Fields and Isolines A field is a region of space with some measurable value at every point Isolines connect points of equal field values Rule: Isolines can NEVER touch or cross each other Field (The whole area) Isoline