1. Measuring Earth: Earth’s Size and Shape
Unit 1
Measuring Earth: Earth’s Size and Shape
Study Guide

2. Earth’s Shape OBLATE SPHEROID What is the true shape of the Earth?
flat at the poles and bulging at the center

3. Which of the following models is the correct scale model of the Earth?
Earth’s Shape
Which of the following models is the correct scale model of the Earth? OR ?

5. Smoothness of the Earth
Which is smoother –the Earth or a classroom globe?
the Earth
the relief of a classroom globe is exaggerated

6. What is the formula for circumference?
Eratosthenes
Formula
Angle = distance
360
Circumference

7. Circumference =distance around the earth

8. Latitude & Longitude

9. Latitude lines are parallel.
They NEVER meet

10. Longitude lines are meridians and meet at the poles.
Looks like a peeled orange.

11. Lines of latitude measure
Latitude & Longitude
Lines of latitude measure
South
North
and
of the equator

12. North Equator South E F G H 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 15 45 75 10530 40 50 60 70 80 90 15 45 75
105
120
135
150
165
180 E F G H
North
Equator
South

13. How many degrees of latitude are there?

14. What is the latitude of the equator?
0 degrees
What is the latitude of the North Pole?
90 degrees

16. LATITUDE
ALTITUDE OF POLARIS =
Demo

17. POLARIS CAN ONLY BE
SEEN IN THE
HEMISPHERE
NORTHERN

18. Polaris=North Star=LATITUDE
For Drawing: See location of North Star on next slide

19. Draw location of North Star

20. If the North Star is 50 degrees
above the horizon-
50 degrees North!
What is your latitude?

21. How is Longtiude Measured?
Longitude is measured
and
from the
East
West
Prime Meridian

22. To get to the next line of longitude, you must move
How is longitude measured? 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 15 45 75
105
120
135
150
165
180 E F G H
To get to the next line of
longitude, you must move
in which of two directions?
Prime Meridian

23. West East Prime Meridian E F G H 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 15 45 7530 40 50 60 70 80 90 15 45 75
105
120
135
150
165
180 E F G H
West
East
Prime Meridian

24. LONGITUDE
IS BASED ON EARTH’S
ROTATION

25. LONGITUDE
EACH HOUR THE
EARTH ROTATES
15°
(360°/24hrs)

26. People on the
same line of
longitude have
the same
Local Time

27. Later
Earlier
HOW MANY TIME ZONES?

28. HOW MANY TIME ZONES?
24 TIME ZONES
15° APART

29. Example: Two students record a difference in local time of two
hours. How many degrees of
longitude apart are they?
15° x 2 hours = 30°

31. What is the latitude and longitude of POINT B?
40 N, 120 W
Practice

32. What is the latitude and longitude of POINT G?
Practice
45 S, 80 E

33. What is the latitude and longitude of POINT D?
10 S, 40 W
Practice

34. Topographic Maps

35. To see the shape and elevation of the land
What is the purpose?
To see the shape and elevation of the land

36. What is the Contour Interval?25
The change in elevation between 2 contour lines.

37. Contour
Interval? 20
Elevation of "A"?
540
Elevation of "B"?
580

38. 619 Why??? If there was another line it would be 620 so the
highest value before
is 619 feet.
619

39. What do hachured
lines show?
areas of
depression

40. What are the rules concerning hachured lines?
first hachured line
has same elevation as previous
contour line then drops by the
contour interval

41. How you can
determine which
way a river flows
on a topographic map?
(1) Contour lines point to the source
of a river (upstream)
(2) The river flows opposite the “V ‘s”.

42. top of the page, what direction
If north is at the
top of the page, what direction
is this river flowing?
south

43. What is a topographic profile ?
A three dimensional graph of a contour map

44. the slope or steepness of the land
What is gradient?
gradient = change in elevation
distance
the slope or steepness of the land

45. Answer the following based on the map.
Note: Hill B has Hachure Lines

46. Answer the following based on the map.
What is the contour interval of this map?
What is the elevation of POINT E?
What is the elevation of POINT F?
What is the elevation of POINT D?
What is the elevation of POINT A?
What is the elevation of POINT G?
What is the elevation of POINT C?
What is the elevation of POINT B?
Which side of HILL C is the steepest?
Which way is the Cinder River Flowing?
20 meters
0 meters
30 meters
60 meters
139 meters
40 meters
60 meters
40 meters
south
northwest
Try on your own first then check your answers

47. gradient = change in temperature distance
If the distance between
the two
circled cities is 400 km,
calculate the temperature
gradient to the nearest hundredth?
Show all work.
gradient = change in temperature
distance
= 80-60
400
= 20
400
= °F/km

48. Using the ESRT (Unit 1)

49. Answer the following Using your ESRT
(1) What is the most abundant element in the
earth’s crust by volume?
(2) What is the latitude of Slide Mountain?
(3) What is the temperature at the boundary of the
earth’s mantle and outer core?
(4) What layer of the atmosphere contains the
most water vapor?
oxygen
42 degrees
5000 degrees C
troposphere
Try on your own first.

50. Page 1

51. Page 3

52. Page 10

53. Page 14

54. Know the following: Know how to use the ESRT for this unit!
Be able to read and interpret a contour map.
Be able to calculate gradient (change in elevation or temperature)
Be able to draw a topographic profile.
Know how to draw and read an isotherm map.
Know how to use latitude and longitude on a map or globe.
Know the shape of the Earth=OBLATE SPHEROID
Know that the altitude of Polaris (North Star) equals the
LATITUDE of the observer!
Know the Equator = 0 degrees Latitude and the Prime Meridian = 0 degrees Longitude.
Know the Latitude of the North Pole= 90 degrees.
Know lithosphere (land), hydrosphere (water) and atmosphere
( air).
A river flows opposite the V’s and hachure lines show depression.
Study ALL notes, worksheets and study guides.
See Chapter 3 in the text.