2. Topic 3: Measuring Planet Earth Part 3.2: Structure of the Earth AIM: Describe the composition of Earth’s three spheres.

3. Lithosphere Hydrosphere Atmosphere 1. What are the three ‘spheres’ of Earth?

5. Land or Crust the rigid shell of rock that surrounds the Earth. About 100 km thick. 1a. Lithosphere What are the two most abundant elements in the crust, by mass? Oxygen and Silicon

7. Using the ESRT Using the last page of the ESRT, find the name of the common mineral that is composed of Oxygen and Silicon. Quartz

9. Earth’s liquid water. About 3-5 km thick (deep) Covers about 70% of Earth’s surface 1b. Hydrosphere What element is most abundant in the ocean? Hydrogen

12. Shell of gases that surrounds Earth about 160 km thick 1c. Atmosphere

13. 2. What are the layers of the atmosphere? Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere

15. 2a. Troposphere We live in the troposphere. All weather and nearly all water vapor are in this layer. Gets colder as you go up. 0-12 km in altitude “The Troublesphere”

16. 2b. Stratosphere Temperatures get warmer as you go up. Home of the Ozone layer.

17. 2c. Mesosphere & Thermosphere Upper layers of the atmosphere. The air is very thin.

18. 3. What do we call the boundaries between layers of the atmosphere? All end in ‘pause’ Tropopause Stratopause Mesopause

19. Using the ESRT- pg. 14 Which layer has the smallest distance from top to bottom? troposphere

21. Using the ESRT- pg. 14 How does the air temperature change as you travel from Earth’s surface to the top of the troposphere? Constantly decreases

23. Using the ESRT- pg. 14 How does the air pressure change as you travel from Earth’s surface to the top of the troposphere? Constantly decreases

26. Using the ESRT- pg. 14 Which layers contain water vapor? Mostly in the troposphere Some in the stratosphere

28. Composition of the Spheres: Use ESRT pg. 1 to complete pie charts

33. Review of the atmosphere http://www.vtaide.com/png/assess.htm

34. BrainPOP | Science | Learn about Earth's Atmosphere BrainPOP | Science | Learn about Earth's Atmosphere

35. Final Questions 1) In which temperature zone layer of Earth’s atmosphere is temperature decreasing and air pressure very low? a) Troposphere b) Stratosphere c) Mesosphere d) Thermosphere 2) What is the approximate percentage by volume of oxygen present in Earth’s atmosphere? a) 10% b) 33% c) 21% d) 46%