1. Why is a ping-pong ball a good model for the Earth’s shape and texture?

2. Earth is extremely round/spherical and smooth.
Why is a ping-pong ball a good model for the Earth’s shape and texture?
Earth is extremely round/spherical and smooth.

3. Is Earth a perfect sphere?

4. Is Earth a perfect sphere? No!
Earth is a little bit wider than it is tall.

5. True or false: Earth looks like a perfect sphere from space.

6. True or false: Earth looks like a perfect sphere from space.
True! Earth is so close to a perfect sphere that the difference cannot be seen from space.

7. What is the name for Earth’s shape?

8. What is the name for Earth’s shape? Oblate spheroid

9. List/identify as many of the six (6) pieces of evidence for Earth’s round/spherical shape.
Also, which is best?

10. List/identify as many of the six (6) pieces of evidence for Earth’s round/spherical shape.
Also, which is best?
Circumnavigated (sailed around) the Earth –_______
__________________________.
did not
fall off edge, no sharp corners
Earth’s ________ on Moon (during lunar eclipse) is curved.
Ships ___________________________________________
(due to curve of Earth).
Other _______ are spherical.
shadow
disappear over the horizon from bottom  top
planets
Pull of gravity _______________ than equator  therefore ___________________________________.
must be closer to Earth’s center at poles
stronger at poles
______________________- BEST Evidence!
Pictures/view from space
______________________- BEST Evidence!
Pictures/view from space

11. Earth has a different layers with different densities
Earth has a different layers with different densities. Is the surface layer the least or most dense of these? What is the name of this outer layer?

12. Earth has a different layers with different densities
Earth has a different layers with different densities. Is the surface layer the least or most dense of these? What is the name of this outer layer?
The surface layer is the least dense and is called the lithosphere (or crust – although not exactly the same).

13. On what page in the ESRT’s is the diagram of Earth’s interior found?
Based on this graph, how do temperature and pressure change as you go towards earth’s center.

14. On what page in the ESRT’s is the diagram of Earth’s interior found?
Based on this graph, how do temperature and pressure change as you go towards earth’s center.
Temperature and pressure both increase towards Earth’s center.

15. Which layer causes the plates to move around? Why?
Convection in the Earth layer known as the asthenosphere causes the shifting of the plates.

16. Which type of crust is thicker?
Name the two (2) types of crust and the rock of which each is primarily made?
Which type of crust is thicker?

17. Continental and oceanic crust. Which type of crust is thicker?
Name the two (2) types of crust and the rock of which each is primarily made?
Continental and oceanic crust.
Which type of crust is thicker?
The crust is thickest under the continents.

18. This model of a globe shows lines of _________.
By knowing which of these lines you are on you can tell how far North or South of the _______ you are.
1o of latitude or longitude can be divided into ___ smaller pieces known as minutes (‘).

19. This model of a globe shows lines of latitude.
By knowing which of these lines you are on you can tell how far North or South of the Equator you are.
1o of latitude or longitude can be divided into 60 smaller pieces known as minutes (‘).

20. What direction do lines of longitude run on a map or globe?
Longitude lines tell you how far a place is east or west of the ______ ________ (0o long.)

21. What direction do lines of longitude run on a map or globe
What direction do lines of longitude run on a map or globe? North and South
Longitude lines tell you how far a place is east or west of the Prime Meridian (0o long.)

22. Finish the following: The altitude of Polaris = the __________ of the location (in the Northern Hemisphere).

23. Finish the following: The altitude of Polaris = the latitude of the location (in the Northern Hemisphere).

24. Travelling towards the North Pole in the
N. Hemisphere, the altitude of Polaris will _________ (be fairly specific).

25. Travelling towards the North Pole in the
N. Hemisphere, the altitude of Polaris will increase (be fairly specific).

26. Which star in the diagram is Polaris (the North Star)?
Big Dipper
Little Dipper

27. Which star in the diagram is Polaris (the North Star)?
Big Dipper
Little Dipper

28. The North Star is in the group of stars (constellation) known as the _____ Dipper.
Big Dipper
Little Dipper

29. The North Star is in the group of stars (constellation) known as the Little Dipper.
Big Dipper
Little Dipper

30. Complete the following diagram:
Earth spins from ___ (direction) to ___ (direction) at a rate of ___o/hr.
Complete the following diagram:
EAST
WEST
90o
___ hours
___ o’clock __M
1 o’clock PM

31. Earth spins from W (direction) to E (direction) at a rate of 15o/hr.
Complete the following diagram:
EAST
WEST
90o
___ hours
___ o’clock __M
1 o’clock PM

32. The time of day when the Sun is at the highest point in the sky is known as _____.

33. The time of day when the Sun is at the highest point in the sky is known as Noon.

34. What time is it at Point B?
A (10:00 AM) B

35. What time is it at Point B?
A (10:00 AM)
B (10:00 AM)

36. Places of equal number could be mapped by connecting them with ___lines.

37. Places of equal number could be mapped by connecting them with isolines.

38. The amount of change each isoline is worth is known as the ________.

39. The amount of change each isoline is worth is known as the interval.

40. Contour lines connect places of equal ________.

41. Contour lines connect places of equal elevation.

42. A map that uses isolines to show what Earth’s surface looks like is called a ___________ map.

43. A map that uses isolines to show what Earth’s surface looks like is called a topographic (or contour) map.

44. The amount of change in elevation between contour lines is called the contour ________.
A side view of the land (showing the ups and downs) is known as a ______.

45. The amount of change in elevation between contour lines is called the contour interval.
A side view of the land (showing the ups and downs) is known as a profile.

46. Name each of the contour map features shown below:
220’
230’
240’
100’
125’
150’
100’
120’
140’
Stream
200’
210’
220’

47. Name each of the contour map features shown below:
Hill
220’
230’
240’
Ridge
100’
125’
150’
100’
120’
140’
210’
200’
220’
Stream
Valley
Depression

48. In what direction does a stream flow compared to the V shape of the contour lines that cross it?

49. Streams flow opposite the V’s of the contour lines.
In what direction does a stream flow compared to the V shape of the contour lines that cross it?
Streams flow opposite the V’s of the contour lines.
210’
200’
220’
Stream

50. What is the elevation of sea level?

51. What is the elevation of sea level?
Sea level (ocean) is 0 feet or meters.

52. What is the elevation of the indicated (?) contour line?

53. What is the elevation of the indicated (?) contour line?
Understanding depressions
RULE: First (outermost) depression contour has same elevation as closest regular contour line. Next depression line would be lower (based on CI of map). If adjacent regular contours are different elevations, use lower one.
Examples
50 m
30 m
40 m

54. Identify the maximum possible elevation of the hill shown by the contour lines below:?

55. Identify the maximum possible elevation of the hill shown by the contour lines below:
Contour interval = 100’
599’

56. Identify the minimum possible elevation of the location shown by the contour lines below:?

57. Identify the minimum possible elevation of the location shown by the contour lines below:
51’

58. How do contour lines show flatter slopes/areas?
How do contour lines show steeper slopes/areas?

59. How do contour lines show flatter slopes/areas?
More spread out contour lines.
How do contour lines show steeper slopes/areas?
More closely spaced contour lines.

60. Label each compass direction on the compass rose below.

61. Label each compass direction on the compass rose below.NE E W S NW SE SW

62. Based on a scale of 1:62,250, a distance of 1 cm on the map equals a distance of _________ in the real world.

63. Based on a scale of 1:62,250, a distance of 1 cm on the map equals a distance of 62,250 cm in the real world.

64. True or false: Creating a profile from a topographic map is similar to making a line graph of elevation.

65. True or false: Creating a profile from a topographic map is similar to making a line graph of elevation.
TRUE!

66. What is the formula for gradient?
On a topographic map, gradient tells us about the ______ (angle) of the land surface.

67. What is the formula for gradient?
On a topographic map, gradient tells us about the slope (angle) of the land surface.
Formula (See ESRT’s)
Gradient =
Change in field value
Distance