Period 4, Unit 4 (1800-1848) Ch.7 AP U.S. History The Age of Jefferson, 1800-1816 Period 4, Unit 4 (1800-1848) Ch.7 AP U.S. History

Think About It To what extent did Jefferson’s administration and ideology maintain continuity and foster change in American politics and economics from 1787 to 1812?

Thomas Jefferson (D-R) (1801-1809) Plantation and slave owner from Virginia Statesman Assemblyman Declaration of Independence Governor Minister to France Secretary of State Vice-President President Democratic-Republican Founded the party in opposition to Alexander Hamilton’s Federalists Inaugural Address “Every difference of opinion is not a difference of principle... We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.” “Renaissance Man” Inventor, philosopher, architect, scientist

What is Jeffersonianism? Republicanism and Civic Virtue Civic duty Voting and efficacy Right to education Federalism and States’ Rights Ultimate sovereignty in the states and nullification Strict constitutionalist Dominant legislature, weak judiciary Small army and navy Yeoman Farmers as Ideal Citizens Educated landowners exemplified independence and virtue Agriculture Over Manufacture/Industry Responsibility of subsistence Empire of Liberty and Foreign Policy America’s responsibility to spread democracy Avoid entangling alliances

Was Jefferson Jeffersonian? Consider the following historical concepts and events in regards to the question… Louisiana Purchase The Federal Judiciary Barbary/Tripoli Pirates Embargo Act of 1807

First Political Party System (1789-1824) Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson Federalists National policies Strong central government Loose constructionists Commerce and manufacturing Urban The rich, the well-born, the able; merchants, bankers Pro-British Northeast Democratic-Republicans States rights Strong local/state governments Strict constructionists Agricultural Rural Small farmers, plantation owners, artisans Anti-British West and South

Jefferson and the Louisiana Purchase (1803) Napoleon’s Plans Jefferson’s Plan Brokered a deal for $15 million Doubles the size of the United States Federalist opposition Lewis and Clark Expedition

Jefferson and the Federal Judiciary Midnight Judges Judiciary Act of 1801—16 new federal judges Adams (F) last minute federal judicial appointments Marbury v. Madison (1803) Judiciary Act of 1789 found unconstitutional Judicial review “It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is.” – Chief Justice John Marshall

Jefferson and the Barbary/Tripoli Pirates Washington and Adams Paid bribes to Barbary states to avoid piracy Jefferson Barbary states increase bribes U.S. Navy and Marines dispatched Treaty reached in American favor

Jefferson and the Embargo Act Napoleonic Wars Britain vs France British and French impressment of Americans HMS Leopard and USS Chesapeake Embargo Act of 1807 Prohibited vessels from leaving American ports for foreign ports Economic impact on Americans

Election of 1808 James Madison (D-R) Charles Pinckney (F) Federalists gained congressional seats

James Madison (D-R) (1809-1817) Napoleonic Wars Impressment continues Non-intercourse Act of 1809 Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810) Western Frontier Alleged British influence on Natives Native wars War of 1812

Causes of the War of 1812 United States vs. Great Britain British impressment Alleged British influence in the western frontier War Hawks in Congress John C. Calhoun Henry Clay Opposition to War Federalists New England and merchants

War of 1812 British Invasion Chesapeake Campaign Invasion of Washington D.C. Burning of the White House Fort McHenry and Baltimore Star-Spangled Banner and Francis Scott Key

“Old Ironsides” 42 Wins 0 Losses Constructed in 1797 Still in commission 42 Wins 0 Losses

War of 1812 Battles with Frontier Natives Tecumseh’s War Battle of Tippecanoe (1811) Battle of the Thames (1813)

War of 1812 End of the War End of Napoleonic Wars Treaty of Ghent (December 1814) Battle of New Orleans (January 1815)

Hartford Convention (1814) Platform Federal economic assistance for New England 2/3 congressional majority for embargoes, state admission, and declaration of war Rescind the Three-Fifths Compromise One-term president Talk of secession by radicals After War of 1812 Perceived as traitors Effectively weakened as a national party

War of 1812’s Impact Growth of nationalism Ushered in an “Era of Good Feelings” Domestic industrial and manufacturing development Emphasis on national infrastructure Promotion of professional military International respect Natives significantly weakened Increased drive to expand west