Jackson and Sectional Differences Level 2 Jackson and Sectional Differences http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/andrewjackson Picture is a link to a nice preview of Jackson

Vocabulary Tariff: tax on imported goods Depression: when the economy is weak Nullify: to cancel out or make useless Secede: leave the Union Treason: a serious crime against a country

Essential Questions How did Jackson’s policies affect the political, economic, and social life of the nation? How was Jackson viewed by different groups of people?

Intensifying Sectional Differences 1828: North was industrial South was agricultural North helped to pass the Tariff of 1828 which hurt the South because the South imported many goods.

Intensifying Sectional Differences Protective tariff, 1828 High tax on imports South didn’t like it because they imported many agricultural machines and luxuries South called the tariff the “tariff of abomination” S.C. blamed the tariff for their economic depression. V.P. Calhoun agreed with S.C. and openly stated that when a states rights were violated they had a right to nullify it and if it failed they had the right to secede. http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/andrewjackson

Debate of Nullification in the Senate S.C. Senator Robert Hayne Daniel Webster http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/Speeches_HaynesReply.htm resource Book: America The Last Best Hope Volume 1 by William J. Bennett resource Believed that the Union was a league or compact of states If the Union threatens the rights of the states then the states had the right to dissolve it. Believed that states didn’t have the right to nullify or secede from the Union “I go for the Union as it is…It is, Sir, the people’s Constitution, the people’s government, made for the people, made by the people, and answerable to the people.”

Intensifying Sectional Differences 1832: The Issue of State Rights and Sectionalism The North didn’t think states had the right to secede from the Union or to nullify federal laws. Northeast tried to get the West to side with them on the nullification controversy because they were mostly anti- slavery. a New Englander had set up the Land Ordinances that gave the West the right to govern themselves and be part of the Union. The South thought they had the right to nullify and or secede from the Union. The South tried to get the West to side with them because the South was worried about losing slavery in their territory. the West was worried about the banning of land purchases that would allow their states and territories to grow.

Intensifying Sectional Differences S.C. passed an Ordinance of Nullification: Tariff of 1832 was “null and void” and stated that S.C. wouldn’t follow it after February 1833 Also stated that if Jackson tried to use force then S.C. would secede from the Union Jackson stated that if S.C. seceded it would be considered treason. Jackson ordered armed forces to Charleston and privately threatened to hang Calhoun. Clay negotiated a compromise with the Tariff of 1833 in which the tariff was lowered and South Carolina dropped nullification. video start at 1:50 Resource: America the last best hope volume 1 by William J. Bennett. *The underlying issue wasn’t actually nullification of the tariff, it had to do with states rights for slavery but no one at the time wanted to touch that issue, especially in S.C. where they had imported millions of slaves right before the cut off date in 1808. Many of the slaves still spoke the Gullah language from the Gold Coast and outnumbered whites 3:1 and 4:1 in other sections of S.C. The whites were afraid of slave revolts if the issue of slavery was addressed in the Senate. Henry Clay

Essential Questions How did Jackson’s policies affect the political, economic, and social life of the nation? How was Jackson viewed by different groups of people?