Marijuana & Driving Data in Colorado Jack K. Reed Colorado Department of Public Safety, Division of Criminal Justice, Office of Research & Statistics August 2016

Components of Impaired Driving Use

Date on Use What we have Prevalence surveys Purchasing data

Young Adult Marijuana Usage Rates Source: SAMHSA, National Survey on Drug Use and Health

Date on Use What we need Better trend data…start collecting now! Information on types of usage-ingestion matters

Components of Impaired Driving Use Choice

Data on Choice What we have General surveys Periodic roadside Media campaigns

Driving Choices High school students drove after using: Marijuana—11% Alcohol—8% High school students drove after using: Marijuana—9% Alcohol—28% Prescription drugs—6% Adults drove after using:

Data on Choice What we need Timely & focused roadside surveys Innovative data (e.g. Uber customer survey) Better data on effectiveness of media campaigns

Components of Impaired Driving Use Choice Detection

Data on DUID Detection What we have DUID arrests Few agencies Toxicology (limited & unlinked) FARS

Fatalities on Colorado Roadways Note: A positive test for cannabinoids may be the result of active THC or one of its inactive metabolites and does not necessarily indicate impairment. Source: Data provided by Colorado Department of Transportation, 8/4/2016. 2015 DATA ARE PRELIMINARY AND SUBJECT TO CHANGE

Driving Under the Influence Colorado State Patrol Note: Citation type is classified according to the trooper’s impressions of the reason for impairment. Source: Data provided by Colorado State Patrol, 8/4/2016.

Data on DUID Detection What we need Improved detection capabilities Improved crash forms Reporting from all jurisdictions Toxicology linked to cases and crashes Timely reporting

Components of Impaired Driving Use Choice Detection Response

Data on Response What we have Court filings Pre-sentence assessments Probation Treatment prevalence Recidivism

Data on Response

Data on Response What we need Response affect on recidivism Linked offense location

Data Sources

Recommendations Convene stakeholders to discuss data now. You will need to make changes! Transportation Local law enforcement State public safety Judicial Community supervision Public health Human services

Colorado Division of Criminal Justice Contact Information Jack Reed Colorado Division of Criminal Justice 700 Kipling St., Suite 1000 Lakewood, CO 80215 Jack.Reed@state.co.us 303-239-4330