Energy Nutrients, Minerals, and Vitamins

5 Basic Classes of Nutrients Water Energy Nutrients Proteins Minerals Vitamins

Three Types of Energy Nutrients Carbohydrates Fats Oils

Sources of Energy Nutrients Grains Corn, Oats, Wheat, Barley, Rye Forages Corn Silage, Straw, Pasture Grasses Animal Fats Molasses

Functions of Energy Nutrients Provide Energy Maintain body temperature Muscle development Growth Development of fetus

Nutrient Deficiencies (general) Slow growth Delayed puberty Decreased milk production Weight Loss Less resistance to diseases and parasites

Conditions for increased nutrition Producing Milk Pregnant Working

CARBOHYDRATES: THE MOST IMPORTANT ENERGY NUTRIENT Types of Carbohydrates Sugars Starches Cellulose (especially important for ruminants) Lignin

Provide energy for the cells Provides energy for muscle movement Functions of carbs Provide energy for the cells Chemical reaction very much like burning Provides energy for muscle movement Heartbeat, Walking, Breathing Produce heat to keep animal warm Extra carbs are stored as fats

Simple carbs Consist of sugars and starches Supply immediate energy Come from cereal grains

2. Complex Carbs Complex carbs Known as fiber Consist of cellulose and lignin More difficult to digest than simple CHO’s Fiber is found primarily and roughages such as hay and pasture plants. Examples are alfalfa, brome grass, orchard grass, and bluegrass.

Dry weight- weight of a feed with the moisture content removed Fiber content Dry weight- weight of a feed with the moisture content removed The dry weight of most grains and roughages ranges from 65-80% CHO Mature roughages contain more fiber when harvested than those that are less mature The mature plant is not easily digested Ruminants can digest large amounts of fiber

Contain more carbon and hydrogen than do CHO’s Fats and Oils Contain more carbon and hydrogen than do CHO’s Fats have 2.25 times the energy value of CHO’s Fats are solid at room temperature, oils are liquid Easily digested by animals

Energy nutrients are measured in calories

Kilocalorie (1,000 cal) states the heat content of feed. Calorie definition Unit of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree centigrade From 14.5 to 15.5 degrees centigrade Energy in feeds is expressed in the unit of measurement of the calorie. Kilocalorie (1,000 cal) states the heat content of feed.

Review and Answer in your notes What are the three types of energy nutrients? Name 2 sources of energy nutrients Name 2 functions of energy nutrients What are 3 things that can happen if an animal doesn’t get enough energy nutrients? What is the difference between complex carbs and simple carbs? Why can cows digest fiber better than pigs? Explain what a calorie measures