1. The Role of Nutrients in the Body

2. What Is Nutrition?
The study of how your body uses the food that you eat.

3. What is a Nutrient? Chemical substance in food that
helps maintain the body.
Some provide energy.
All help build cells and tissues, and regulate bodily processes such as breathing.
No single food supplies all the nutrients the body needs to function.

4. Six Classes of Nutrients
Carbohydrates
Fats
Protein
Vitamins
Minerals
Water

5. Nutrients that have Calories
Proteins: 1 gram = 4 calories
Carbohydrates: 1 gram = 4 calories
Fats: 1 gram = 9 calories

6. Carbohydrates
3 Types
Simple - Named due to their simple chemical structure. Made up of six kinds of Sugars
Glucose, Sucrose, Maltose, Fructose, Galactose, Lactose
Complex - More complicated chemical structure. Starches
Simple Carbs include 6 types of sugars.
Glucose- carried in the bloodstream for energy use throughout the body. Referred to as “blood sugar”
Fructose – referred to as “fruit sugar” as it is found in fruits Sweetest of all sugars.
Galactose – is found attached to glucose to from the sugar in milk.
Sucrose – ordinary table sugar
Lactose – found in milk
Maltose – found in grains

7. Types of Carbohydrates Continued
Fiber
Two Types
Soluble
Insoluble
Need grams of fiber a day

8. Soluble Dissolves in water Increases thickness of stomach contents
May reduce blood cholesterol levels
Found in fruits, vegetables, lentils, and oat products
Need grams/day for adults
During growth yrs. Add 5 yrs to your age

9. Insoluble Does not dissolve in water
Helps food move through the large intestine at a normal rate
Found mostly in fruit/vegetable skins and whole wheat/wheat bran products
Fiber is no a nutrient because it is not digested or absorbed by the body.
In the small intestine fiber attracts water which increases bulk
The soft bulky mixture of fiber and water help move food through the intestines.
Low fiber diets do not attract water.
W/out presence of fiber in small intestine, digested food becomes solid, hard, or stale. Constipation can occur.
Largest contributors of fiber to our diet are whole grains, vegetables & fruits.

10. Functions of Carbohydrates in the body
Best source of energy.
Helps the body to digest fats.
Allows the body to use protein for growth and maintenance instead of energy.

11. Sources Grains – Bread, cereal, pasta, rice
Vegetables – corn, potatoes, dry beans and peas
Fruits – simple sugars

12. FATS Types Saturated – Solid at room temperature
Unsaturated – Liquid at room temperature
Hydrogenation adds hydrogen atoms to unsaturated fatty acids to make them solids. Shortening and stick margarine are examples. This creates trans fats that industry is trying to do away with because they are so bad for you.
Saturated fats – have as many hydrogen atoms as they can hold
Fatty acids – chemical chains that contain hydrogen, oxygen and carbon atoms.
Monounsaturated is missing one hydrogen atom
Polyunsaturated fats are missing two or more

13. Function of Fats in the Body
Provide Energy
Helps body absorb Vitamins A,D,E,& K
Protects vital organs
Provides insulation
Helps to make you feel full longer
Recommended that adults get 20-35% of calories from fat, Teens 25-35% grams for teens.

14. Sources of Fats
Meat
Milk
Nuts
Vegetable oils
Junk foods

15. PROTEIN Chemical compound found in every body cell
Made up of Amino Acids
20 are needed by the body
9 are essential
Body can’t make them so you must get them from your foods.
Those that come from Animal sources are called complete proteins
Those that come from plant sources are called incomplete proteins.
Complete proteins contain all the essential amino acids
Incomplete proteins are missing one or more

16. Functions in the Body Builds and repairs body tissues.
Hair, eyes, skin, muscles and bones are all made of protein
Help fight disease because immune system is made of protein.

17. Sources
Meat
Poultry
Fish
Milk
Cheese
Eggs
Dried beans, peas and nuts