FEUDALISM C9-S2

The Invaders Charlemagne dies in 814 Wave of invasions the Carolingian Empire falls apart Wave of invasions Muslims in southern Europe & France Magyars (Asia) in central Europe Germanic Vikings from Scandinavia

The Vikings Germanic peoples Reasons for invasions Technology Love of adventure profits derived from war new trade avenues Technology Superb shipbuilders & sailors Long ship design enabled inland attacks and to sail upstream

Viking Long Ship

Stop Attacking Us!!!! Frankish king gave the Vikings a band of land in France Normandy Plan? settle and convert the Vikings to Christianity Vikings eventually became a part of European society.

Development of Feudalism Invasions posed a threat to safety of people throughout Europe. Rulers could not defend their subjects due to weak centralized gov’t. People turned to landed lords for protection and in turn offered services. Became the feudal system.

Feudalism Political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service. System was not that simple: Relations between all of these people differed too much form on e place to another and form ont time toa nther to fit together in anything resembling a system.

Knights & Vassals Vassalage Warriors swore an oath to lords & fought for them- known as vassals. Lord in turn took care of vassals needs. Granted fief (piece of land) in exchange for loyalty. Rules determined by a feudal contract These vassals would eventually make up the aristocratic or noble class known as knights.

An armor bearer to a knight Attendant on a person of rank The Road to Knighthood KNIGHT SQUIRE An armor bearer to a knight PAGE Attendant on a person of rank The process of training for knighthood began before adolescence, inside the prospective knight’s own home, where he was taught courtesy and appropriate manners. Around the age of 7 years, he would be sent away to train and serve at a grander household as a page. Here, he would serve as a kind of waiter and personal servant, entertaining and serving food to his elders. A page was usually the son of a vassal, who sent him to his or another lord’s castle to become a page. For seven years a page was cared for by the women of the house, who instructed him in comportment, courtesy, cleanliness, and religion. He would learn basic hunting and falconry, and also various battle skills such as taking care of, preparing, and riding horses, as well as use of weapons and armour. A page became a squire when he turned 14 years of age, being assigned or picked by a knight to become his personal aide. This allowed the squire to observe his master while he was in battle, in order to learn from his techniques. He also acted as a personal servant to the knight, taking care of his master’s equipment and horse. This was to uphold the knight’s code that promoted generosity, courtesy, compassion, and most importantly, loyalty. The knight acted as a tutor and taught the squire all he needed to know to become a knight. As the squire grew older, he was expected to follow his master into battle, and attend to his master if the knight fell in battle. Some squires became knights for performing an outstanding deed on the battlefield, but most were knighted by their lord when their training was judged to be complete.

Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior

Code of Chivalry Justice Loyalty Courage Faith Humility Nobility

Medieval Warriors Knight’s Armor

Nobility of the Middle Ages Main concern of nobility was warfare. Nobles: kings, dukes, counts, barons, bishops and archbishops. Knights Trained for war by taking part in tournaments Code of Chivalry- ethical code to live by Treat captured w/ dignity Defense of the church Fight only for glory; not material possessions

Parts of Medieval Castle

Caernorfon Castle, Wales

Warwick Castle, England

Aristocratic Women Important Roles Eleanor of Aquitaine Manage the estate in times of war Handle financial accounts Food & household supplies Eleanor of Aquitaine Wife of Henry II Went on 2nd crusade with 300 of her ladies dressed in armor & carrying lances. Rebelled against tradition of being submissive to husband.