Sequence of Tenses.

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Presentation transcript:

Sequence of Tenses

Sequence of Tenses There is a logical sequence of tenses as the speaker or writer proceeds from the main clause to the subordinate clause.

Primary Tenses A PRIMARY tense of the indicative (in the main clause) must be followed by a PRIMARY tense of the subjunctive (in the subordinate clause). The primary tenses of the indicative indicate INCOMPLETE action (actions now going on (PRESENT) or to be begun in the FUTURE.

PRIMARY TENSES The primary subjunctive tenses used in the subordinate clause are: Present Perfect

SECONDARY SEQUENCE The secondary tense of the indicative must be followed by a secondary tense of the subjunctive. The secondary tenses refer to past actions.

Secondary Sequence The subjunctive tenses used in the secondary sequence are: Imperfect Pluperfect

SEQUENCE MAIN VERB (INDICATIVE) SUBORDINATE SUBJUNCTIVE (time of action relative to main verb) PRIMARY PRESENT OR FUTURE OR FUTURE PERFECT PRESENT (AT SAME TIME OR AFTER) PERFECT (ACTION BEFORE) SECONDARY PAST TENSES (IMPERFECT, PERFECT, OR PLUPERFECT) IMPERFECT (AT SAME TIME OR AFTER) PLUPERFECT (ACTION BEFORE)