1. Sequence of Tenses

2. Indicative Tenses Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect

3. SubjunctiveTenses
Present
Imperfect
Perfect
Pluperfect

4. But what determines which tense of the subjunctive follows the main verb of a sentence?

5. The tense of the subjunctive verb used in a sentence is determined by the rule of sequence of tenses.

6. Sequence of Tenses
from sequor: follow

7. The tense of the subjunctive which follows a main verb is determined by:

8. 2. The time relation between the subjunctive verb and the main verb
1. The tense of the main verb
2. The time relation between the subjunctive verb and the main verb

9. 2. Secondary Sequence– past tenses
1. Primary Sequence— present or future tenses
2. Secondary Sequence– past tenses

10. Indicative Tenses Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect

11. Indicative Tenses Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect

12. scio, scire, scivi, know
scio
sciebam
sciam
scivi
sciveram
scivero .

13. scio, scire, scivi, know vinco, vincere, vici, win
scio cur vincat.
scivi cur vinceret.
sciam cur vicerit.
sciebam cur vicisset.

14. Subjunctives
Primary Sequence

15. Primary Sequence
If a main verb is
present

16. Primary Sequence
If a main verb is
present
scio
I know

17. Primary Sequence
If a main verb is
present
future

18. Primary Sequence
If a main verb is
present
future
sciam
I will know

19. Primary Sequence
If a main verb is
present
future
future perfect

20. Primary Sequence present future future perfect scivero
If a main verb is
present
future
future perfect
scivero
I will have known

21. Primary Sequence
If main verb is
present
future
future perfect

22. Primary Sequence present future future perfect If main verb is
Subj. tense for action at the same time
present
future
future perfect

23. Primary Sequence present perfect future future perfect If main verb is
Subj. tense for action at the same time
Subj. tense for action before that of main verb
present
perfect
future
future perfect

24. Primary Sequence present perfect future future perfect If main verb is
Subj. tense for action at the same time
Subj. tense for action before that of main verb
present
perfect
future
future perfect

25. Primary Sequence present perfect future future perfect If main verb is
Subj. tense for action at the same time
Subj. tense for action before that of main verb
present
perfect
future
future perfect

26. Primary Sequence present perfect future future perfect If main verb is
Subj. tense for action at the same time
Subj. tense for action before that of main verb
present
perfect
future
future perfect

27. Primary Sequence present perfect future future perfect If main verb is
Subj. tense for action at the same time
Subj. tense for action before that of main verb
present
perfect
future
future perfect

28. Subjunctives
Secondary Sequence

29. Secondary Sequence
If a main verb is
imperfect

30. Secondary Sequence
If a main verb is
imperfect
sciebam
I was knowing

31. Secondary Sequence
If a main verb is
imperfect
perfect

32. Secondary Sequence
If a main verb is
imperfect
perfect
scivi
I knew

33. Secondary Sequence
If a main verb is
imperfect
perfect
pluperfect

34. Secondary Sequence If a main verb is imperfect perfect pluperfect
sciveram
I had known

35. Secondary Sequence
If a main verb is
imperfect
perfect
pluperfect

36. Secondary Sequence If a main verb is imperfect perfect pluperfect
Subj. tense for action at same time
imperfect
perfect
pluperfect

37. Secondary Sequence If a main verb is imperfect perfect pluperfect
Subj. tense for action at same time
imperfect
perfect
pluperfect

38. Secondary Sequence If a main verb is imperfect perfect pluperfect
Subj. tense for action at same time
Subj. tense for action before that of main verb
imperfect
perfect
pluperfect

39. Secondary Sequence If a main verb is imperfect pluperfect perfect
Subj. tense for action at same time
Subj. tense for action before that of main verb
imperfect
pluperfect
perfect

40. Secondary Sequence If a main verb is imperfect pluperfect perfect
Subj. tense for action at same time
Subj. tense for action before that of main verb
imperfect
pluperfect
perfect

41. Secondary Sequence If a main verb is imperfect pluperfect perfect
Subj. tense for action at same time
Subj. tense for action before that of main verb
imperfect
pluperfect
perfect

42. Secondary Sequence If a main verb is imperfect pluperfect perfect
Subj. tense for action at same time
Subj. tense for action before that of main verb
imperfect
pluperfect
perfect

43. Secondary Sequence If a main verb is imperfect pluperfect perfect
Subj. tense for action at same time
Subj. tense for action before that of main verb
imperfect
pluperfect
perfect

44. Secondary Sequence If a main verb is
Subj. tense for action at same time
Subj. tense for action before that of main verb
imperfect
pluperfect
perfect

50. cur

51. Primary Sequence
cur

52. Secondary Sequence
cur

53. cur
I know why he wins.

54. cur
I know why he won.

55. cur
I will know why he wins.

56. cur
I will know why he won.

57. I will have known why he wins.
cur
I will have known why he wins.

58. I will have known why he won.
cur
I will have known why he won.

59. cur
I used to know why he won.

60. I used to know why he had won.
cur
I used to know why he had won.

61. cur
I knew why he won.

62. cur
I knew why he had won.

63. cur
I had known why he won.

64. I had known why he had won.
cur
I had known why he had won.

65. Primary Sequence present perfect future future perfect If main verb is
Subj. tense for action at same time
Subj. tense for action before that of main verb
present
perfect
future
future perfect

66. Secondary Sequence If a main verb is imperfect pluperfect perfect
Subj. tense for action at same time
Subj. tense for action before that of main verb
imperfect
pluperfect
perfect

67. scio
sciebam
sciam
scivi
sciveram
scivero
vincat
vinceret
vicerit
vicisset

68. Tabellaria:

69. 1. cognoscere volo quid illi fabri aedificent.
I want to find out what those craftsmen are doing.

70. 2. . cognoscere volo quid illi fabri aedificaverint.
I want to find out what those craftsmen were doing.

71. 3. . cognoscere volui quid illi fabri aedificarent.
I wanted to find out what those craftsmen were doing.

72. 4. . cognoscere volui quid illi fabri aedificavissent.
I wanted to find out what those craftsmen had been doing.

73. 5. non intellegimus quare desperetis.
We do not understand why you despair.

74. 6. non intellegimus quare desperaveritis.
We do not understand why you despaired.

75. 7. non intelleximus quare desperaretis.
We did not understand why you despaired/were despairing.

76. 8. non intelleximus quare desperavissetis.
We did not understand why you all had despaired.