Warmup: March 17 2014 What is ecology? Copy the definitions: The scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment. Interactions can take place between living (BIOTIC) and nonliving(ABIOTIC) things.

Levels of Organization in Ecology Organism – an individual Population – a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same place at the same time. Community – a collection of interacting populations Ecosystem – interactions of living and nonliving things in the community

Ecology Terms: Environment means all the conditions that surround any living organism, both the other living things and the non-living things or physical surroundings. A Habitat- means all the members of a single species that live in a habitat, means all the populations of different organisms living together in a habitat refers to a community of animals, plants and micro-organisms, together with the habitat where they live. A place where plants and animals live Populations Community Ecosystem

Organism http://people.uvawise.edu/cte/documents/Science%20Resources/Principles%20of%20Ecology.pdf

Population http://people.uvawise.edu/cte/documents/Science%20Resources/Principles%20of%20Ecology.pdf

Community http://people.uvawise.edu/cte/documents/Science%20Resources/Principles%20of%20Ecology.pdf

Ecosystem http://people.uvawise.edu/cte/documents/Science%20Resources/Principles%20of%20Ecology.pdf

Distribution of organisms: Living organisms are NOT evenly distributed around the world. But are adapted to live in particular __________________________. Factors that affect the habitat: ______________- temperature range and rainfall allow a variety of species to live in a center area. We can group together ecosystems adapted to climate conditions into global ecological regions called______________________________. III. Major Biomes: In relationship to biomes and climate: Habitat Climate BIOMES

Tundra Taiga Mountain Temperate Forest Hot grassland; savannah Tropical Rainforest Desert

Abiotic Factors Nonliving parts of environment Sunlight Temperature Water content of Soil Humus content of soil Soil pH & nutrient levels Rainfall levels and rate of water flow Dissolved oxygen levels Pollutant concentrations

Biotic Factors All the living organisms- which include these examples: producers Consumers and predators The number & types of competitors for light, food, space, Shelter, or mating opportunities The pathogens and parasites The number & type of insects species The number & type of decomposers and The level of species diversity

How organisms obtain energy Producers – can make own food; usually use energy from the sun (photosynthesis) 6CO2 + 12H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O Consumers – must eat other organisms; cannot make own food

Different Types of Consumers Herbivore – eat only plants Carnivore – eat only animals Omnivore – eat both plants and animals Decomposer – break down and absorb nutrients of dead plants and animals Scavenger – eat rotting flesh (like road kill)

Food Chain Shows how matter and energy move through ecosystem Arrows indicate flow of energy Only a portion of original energy is passed on to other organisms in chain (10% each link) Example: Algae  Fish  Heron

Food Web Made up of many food chains Shows all possible feeding relationships in a community More realistic than a food chain, because most animals eat more than one thing.

Energy Pyramid

Light: photosynthesis water Nutrients and Minerals 1. _______________________ 2. _______________________ 3. _______________________ 1. __________________________ 2. __________________________ 3. __________________________ 4. __________________________ Light: photosynthesis water Nutrients and Minerals food water mates shelter

Ch 19 section 3 pg 663 interdependent Predator and prey species Prey GROWs REDUCE

Symbiosis Symbiosis Barnacles Commensalism

Lichens Mutualism tapeworm Parasitism KILL

Ecology Interdependence of Organisms Let’s check for understanding!

Question 1 Which of these does not belong to the group? Consumer Human Fish Plant

Question 2 All energy transformations in an ecosystem begin with -- A scavenger A decomposer The Sun An herbivore

Question 3 In a food chain, which are the most efficient users of solar energy? Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores Scavengers

Question 4

Identify the: 1. Producers 2. Primary Consumers 3. Secondary Consumers   2. Primary Consumers 3. Secondary Consumers 4. Herbivores 5. Carnivores 6. Omnivores Plants, berries, leaves, nuts Grasshopper, squirrel Frog, mouse, rabbit Squirrel, grasshopper, rabbit Fox, frog, owl snake mouse http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/foodweb1.gif