Aim: How does DNA store the genetic information?

Griffith’s Experiment: Harmless strain of bacteria were “transformed” into a deadly strain and killed the mice. Griffith called the substance the “transforming factor”.

Was the transforming factor Avery’s Experiment: Was the transforming factor Protein or DNA? Heat treated deadly strain + harmless strain + protein destroying enzymes  Transformed Bacteria Heat treated deadly strain + harmless strain + DNA destroying enzymes  Bacteria did not Transform Concluded that DNA is the genetic material of the cell

Hershey & Chase Experiment: Bacteriophage When only the phage protein coats were labeled, most of the radioactivity was detected outside the cell. When the phage DNA was labeled, most of the radioactivity was detected inside the cells.

Carries the instructions for cell activities What is DNA? Deoxyribonucleic acid Carries the instructions for cell activities

What are these instructions? GENES that determine our traits & characteristics How did we get our genes?

How is DNA organized? It is a double helix made of repeating nucleotides Spool of thread demo

Where are genes found in our body? DNA Genes chromosomes in nucleus Eukaryotes (Smallest) (Largest)

What do our genes give us? The CODE for our characteristics or traits

How many genes do we have? 20-25 Thousand on ______ chromosomes 46

How does DNA carry the Genetic Code? The structure of DNA allows it to carry the genetic code It’s structure is a double helix made of repeating nucleotides

Nucleic Acids – made from nucleotides DNA or RNA Phosphate Sugar Base

What is a nucleotide made of? 4 types Deoxyribose Subunits of DNA

What bases make up the DNA ladder rungs? Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine (purine) (pyrimidine) (purine) (pyrimidine)

All …. Teachers Go …. Crazy How do the bases pair up? Adenine …. Thymine Guanine …. Cytosine All …. Teachers Go …. Crazy

What holds the DNA base pairs together? Weak hydrogen bonds 3 Hydrogen Bonds 2 Hydrogen Bonds

What in the DNA is unique in all organisms? The base sequence The order the bases are arranged in.

What part of DNA carries the genetic code? The base sequence holds the genetic code. Each organism has a different sequence of bases

Genotype- sequence of bases in DNA The Blueprint that controls everything from protein formation to regulation of metabolism and synthesis. The observable structure, function, or behavior of a living organism. (atoms to organs, & behavior) Phenotype- proteins determine our appearance (traits) & functioning of our cells.

Let’s review Where is DNA found? What determines our traits? Where are genes located? What part of DNA carries the genetic code? Genes

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