Bell Ringer Explain how nationalism impacted Germany and Austria in vastly different ways.

New Imperialism Essential Question: What were the causes and effects of New Imperialism?

New Imperialism Imperialism – the extension of a nation’s power over other lands New Imperialism attempted to establish direct control over colonies.

Need for raw materials (Industrial Revolution) Motivations for Imp. Need for raw materials (Industrial Revolution) Need for markets to sell finished products to

Nationalism – promoted competition Empires were a source of prestige Motivations for Imp. Nationalism – promoted competition Empires were a source of prestige

Motivations for Imp. Social Darwinism – theory used by Western nations to justify their dominance; based on Darwin’s theory Survival of the fittest empire “White Man’s Burden” – responsibility to bring Christianity, democracy, and capitalism to the “uncivilized” world.

New Imperialism By 1900 virtually the entire area of Southeast Asia was under Western rule: Western countries like Great Britain, France, Germany, U.S., and the Netherlands SE Asia was an important stepping stone to China

New Imperialism Indirect rule – a colonial government in which local rulers are allowed to maintain their positions of authority and status. Cheaper – less troops and administrators Example: Dutch East India Company

New Imperialism Direct rule – a colonial government in which local elites were removed from power and replaced by a new set of officials brought from the colonizing country. Commonly used when Imperialism was met with resistance Example – G.B. in Burma and France in Vietnam

Early Contact with Africa 1450 – traded with coastal regions Travel to interior limited because of rivers and disease Based on slavery

Africa before Imperialism The African continent is/was very diverse 100’s of languages/ethnicities Large empires / small villages Various religions (traditional, Islam, Christianity)

African Imperialism Dr. Livingstone was the first European to explore the interior of Africa. (Missionary) Henry Stanley – Found Congo River while searching for the Dr. Gave Europeans access to the interior of Africa

Scramble for Africa King Leopold II – Established a Belgian colony in the Congo Set off European race for colonies. Why would they race?

Scramble for Africa Belgian presence in the Congo setoff European race for colonies. Motivated by Nationalism / Riches (Gold/Diamonds)

The Berlin Conference (1884- 1885) Scramble for Africa The Berlin Conference (1884- 1885) European powers set up rules for colonizing Africa Any country could claim land Divided Africa w/ no regard for ethnic or language groups No African rulers attended

By 1914 only 2 countries remained independent Scramble for Africa By 1914 only 2 countries remained independent

Ethiopia – A successful resistance Menelik II – Emperor of Ethiopia Purchased industrialized weapons Only African nation to resist Europeans

Strong economies and governments Industrialized militaries Western Advantages Strong economies and governments Industrialized militaries Maxim Gun Steamships / trains Advanced Medicine

Effects of Imperialism in Africa Positive Effects Minor Industrialization Negative Effects Death and loss of independence Agriculture shifted to cash crops -> famine New borders created constant tension and warfare

Essential Question What were the causes and effects of New Imperialism?

Use the map on page 365 to identify: Territory controlled by Europeans (Use different colors) Label specific territories Use the map on the screen to identify the natural resources being extracted *Don’t include Uranium and Chromium