MOVEMENT AT SYNOVIAL JOINTS YEAR 12 PE

3 TYPES OF JOINTS? Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial – 6 types: GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF EACH: Ball and Socket Pivot e.g Condyloid Gliding Hinge Saddle

Movements at synovial joints Movements only occur at joints Some joints (e.g ball and socket) can do more movements than others (e.g hinge)

Joint movements Flexion and Extension Abduction and Adduction Circumduction and Rotation Supination and Pronation Inversion and Eversion Depression and Elevation Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion

Flexion and extension Flexion Extension Decreasing the angle between two bones at the joint E.g bending the elbow Radius and Ulna of lower arm drawn toward the humerus Increasing the angle between two bones at the joint E.g. Straightening the elbow Radius and Ulna of lower arm drawn away from the humerus

Abduction and adduction Moving the bone away from the midline of the body ABDUCT = to take someone away E.g. Humerus is drawn to the side Moving the bone towards the midline of the body ADD = adding to the body E.g. Humerus drawn inside towards midline of the body

Circumduction and rotation Movement of the shoulder going around in circles Movement of a bone around a central axis .E.g head rotating around the atlas (axis)

Supination and Pronation Movement of the hands so the palms face up Movement of the hands so the palms face down

Inversion and Eversion Moving the ankle so it is inwards (toes are touching each other) Moving the ankle so it is outwards (toes pointing away from each other)

Depression and Elevation Lowering the shoulders downwards Raising the shoulders up

Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion Movement of the ankle that causes the toes to be raised up towards the tibia DORSI = fin of a dolphin Movement of the ankle that causes the toes to be pointed downwards PLANT = plant your foot