2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Warm up Pretend you are a chocolate chip cookie. You have been ingested by a hungry teenager. Trace the path from your mouth to your rectum of your journey through the digestive system!

2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system Essential questions What are the functions of the digestive system? How do the functions of chemical and physical digestion interrelate? What are the common disorders of the digestive system? How are disorders of the digestive system treated? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the digestive system? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Understand the functions of the digestive system 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Mouth (buccal cavity) What digestive system functions occur in the mouth? What is bolus? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Tongue Provide taste stimuli to the brain. Determine the temperature of food and liquid. Manipulates food and aids in swallowing. Bolus- the tongue pushes food into a ball-like mass in the mouth so that it can be swallowed. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Teeth Used to cut, hold, tear, crush and grind food. Mastication- the process by which food is crushed and ground by teeth. It is the first step of digestion and it increases the surface area of foods to allow more efficient break down by enzymes. Chewing Teeth and tongue cause the physical breakdown of food. Incisors Cuspids Bicuspids Molars 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Salivary glands Production of saliva Produces 1-1.5 liters of saliva per day. Small amounts are produced continually to keep the mouth moist. The idea or presence of food increases saliva production 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Saliva 99.4%water. Contains antibodies, buffers ions, waste products and enzymes Contains (ptyalin)- causes the initial chemical breakdown of carbohydrates. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system 9

Functions of the digestive system Palate- Separates the oral and nasal cavities. Aids in speaking. Uvula- Aids in swallowing by directing food toward the pharnyx and blocking food from entering the nasal cavity 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Pharynx Passageway for food, water and air. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Esophagus Tube that transports food from the pharynx to the stomach Peristalasis-the wave-like motion of the digestive system to move food through. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Stomach Serves as a temporary hold area for food. Absorbs small amounts of water and nutrients. Churns food like a cement mixer combining it with gastric juices. Regulates the rate partially digested food enters the small intestines. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Stomach Gastric Juices- Hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen and mucus. Chemical breakdown of food. HCl Acid- breaks down connective tissue, kills pathogens and activates pepsinogen to produce pepsin. Pepsin- breaks down protein. Mucus- protects stomach from HCl acid. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system 14

Functions of the digestive system Stomach Chyme- The thick semifluid mass of partly digested food that is passed from the stomach to the duodenum. It takes 4-8 hours for the stomach to empty. Fats and proteins take the longest time to breakdown. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system 15

Functions of the digestive system Small Intestine Where the majority of our food is digested. Chyme passes through the pyloric sphincter a small amount at a time and enters the duodenum. Digestion of carbohydrates, fats and protein is completed and absorption of nutrients occurs. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Pancreas Secretes buffers and digestive enzymes Carbohydrases- breaks down carbohydrates Lipases- Breaks down lipids Proteinases- breaks down proteins Nucleases- breaks down nucleic acid. Enters the duodenum through the pancreatic duct Also part of the endocrine system. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Liver Produces bile that is used to break down fats so it can mix with water for digestion. Produces Vitamin K which aids in blood clotting. Produces bilirubin- yellow pigment formed by the breakdown of worn out RBC’s Detoxifies the body of harmful substances. Destroys old RBC’s 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Gallbladder Stores bile produced by the liver Enters the duodenum through the common bile duct 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Large intestine Water absorption Absorption of vitamins produced by the healthy bacteria in the intestines. Compaction of waste products for elimination. What is chyme? What is the semi-solid liquid secreted from the ileum through the ileoceccal valve called that enters the large intestine? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system Act of Digestion Ingestion- To take into the body by the mouth for digestion or absorption. Mastication- To chew or grind Digestion- The process by which the food is converted into substances that can be absorbed and used by the body. Secretion- Secreting a substance Absorption- The act of absorbing Excretion- The act of discharging waste material 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Check your knowledge… 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Processing Match the Function Process of Digestion Components of the Digestive System Find information in textbook (pg522) if not in notes

Digestive System Disorders

Warm up http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4gAeCrKudsk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VKgrAtBpEMI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJGoNPjgZoc http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WYsN4vzfsTk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vy84ENDr6OM

Disorders of the digestive system Anorexia Decreased or poor appetite Symptom Bulimia Nervosa Poor body image Binge eating and purging with laxatives Anorexia nervosa Eating disorder characterized by refusal to eat Poor body image, refusal to eat. Psychiatric disorder VS 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Disorders of the digestive system Caries What is another name for caries? What are caries? Can you identify preventive measures? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Disorders of the Digestive System Cholelithiasis- Gallstone disease- stones forming in the gallbladder Symptoms- Fever, abdominal pain and nausea after eating a diet high in fat.

Disorders of the digestive system Cholecystitis What is cholecystitis? What are the symptoms? How is it treated? Cholelithiasis 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Disorders of the digestive system Cleft palate What is cleft palate? What is its impact on health? Who have this condition? What specialist(s) should be consulted to correct a cleft palates? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Disorders of the digestive system Cirrhosis What is cirrhosis? What are the symptoms? Caused by alcohol and Tylenol abuse. What is the leading cause of cirrhosis? How can it be treated? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Disorders of the digestive system Constipation What is constipation? What are some causes? Can be avoided by eating proper foods such as cereals, fruits, vegetables and drinking plenty of water. What is obstipation? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Constipation

Fecal Impaction

Disorders of the digestive disorders Diarrhea Define diarrhea. What causes it? What are the effects on your health? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Disorders of the digestive disorders Gastroenteritis What is gastroenteritis? What causes it? Can be prevented by proper handwashing 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Disorders of the digestive system Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Symptoms- heartburn, pain and burning in the epigastric region- especially when lying flat. Relieved when head is elevated. Food and digestive juices reflux back into esophagus. Can aspirate in the lungs. What are some common causes of GERD? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Disorders of the digestive system It is recommended that all health care workers be vaccinated for hepatitis Hepatitis Acute Chronic Hepatitis A- Caused by contaminated food- oral fecal route. Hepatitis B, C, D, E are caused by blood borne pathogens What are some common symptoms of hepatitis? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Disorders of the digestive system Irritable bowel syndrome Define irritable bowel syndrome. Discuss how will treatments relate to: Lifestyle Diet Medication 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Disorders of the digestive system Obesity Caused by overeating, not exercising with a BMI over 31. 20% of children and 65% of adults are overweight. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system 43

Disorders of the digestive system Peptic ulcer What is a peptic ulcer? What causes it? How is it treated? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Disorders of the digestive system Ulcerative colitis/ Crohn’s What is it? What causes it? Autoimmune disease How is it treated? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system 46

Disorders of the digestive system Ulcerative Colitis/ Crohn’s Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disease of the colon and rectum, together known as the large intestine. When inflammation and ulceration of the large intestine mucosa, or innermost lining, occurs, tiny open sores may form on the surface of the lining. Because inflammation damages the lining of the intestinal wall, it may bring about the onset of a flare, including: DIARRHEA BLOODY STOOL ABDOMINAL PAIN OR CRAMPING Unlike Crohn's, UC involves damaging inflammation of only the colon and rectum. Ulcerative colitis differs from another inflammatory bowel condition, Crohn’s disease. While Crohn's may affect any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, UC only involves the colon and rectum. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system 47

Relevance of nutrition to the digestive system Healthy dietary habits help maintain homeostasis of body systems 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Relevance of nutrition to the digestive system Vitamins Fat soluble Vitamins A, D, E, K Water soluble Vitamins C, B Protein- promotes healing Carbohydrates- such as pancakes and pasta give you extra energy- marathon runners Electrolytes Calcium- strong bones and teeth and aid in blood clotting Chloride Magnesium Phosphorus Potassium Sodium 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Processing https://www.choosemyplate.gov/SuperTracker/default.aspx Digestive Disorder Word Scramble Mystery Diagnosis Digestive System Study Guide

2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system Essential questions What are the functions of the digestive system? How do the functions of chemical and physical digestion interrelate? What are the common disorders of the digestive system? How are disorders of the digestive system treated? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the digestive system? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system