What are the four types of biomolecules? Section 2.3 Biomolecules What are the four types of biomolecules?

Biomolecules Molecules are either inorganic compounds or organic compounds Organic-has carbon Inorganic-no carbon Why is carbon so special? It can form 4 bonds with other atoms. It loves to COVALENTLY BOND! It can form single, double, and triple bonds.

There are 4 types of biomolecules in our bodies Carbohydrates Lipids (fats) Proteins Nucleic acid (DNA) These are large molecules (polymer) that are made up of smaller building blocks (monomers) Polymers are made of monomers. http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/bioprop/monomers.html http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/bodychemistry/

Proteins Elements: C, H, O, N, or S (sulfur) Structure: look for N or S What do they do Hemoglobin in your blood that carries oxygen Muscles, tendons, hair Defend body from microorganisms Control chemical reactions-enzymes Carry out almost all of the body’s everyday functions Building block-amino acids

Carbohydrates Elements-C, H, O Function: Main source of energy, gives plants tough structure Examples: sugars and starches, glycogen, sucrose, glucose, cellulose Shape-rings connected Building Block-monosaccharide or simple sugars (glucose)

Different types of carbohydrates Based on size Monosaccharide-one sugar Glucose, galactose (found in milk), fructose (found in fruit) Disaccharide-two sugars lactose Polysaccharide-many sugars Cellulose-makes plants have a rigid structure Glycogen-animal starch

Lipids (Fats) Not a polymer Elements-C, H, O Why? Elements-C, H, O Has the most energy but we can’t consume tons of fat; part of membranes; insulation Structure-long chain of carbons attached Examples: cholesterol, wax, steroids, oils Building Block-fatty acids and glycerol

Saturated vs. Unsaturated Saturated-bad for you; causes cholesterol problems, clogged arteries; solid at room temperature; lard Unsaturated-liquid at room temperature; not as bad for you; olive oil, canola oil, peanut oil Trans fat-type of unsaturated; causes coronary heart disease

Nucleic Acids Tell your cells how to function Contains the genetic information DNA (deoxyribose sugar) and RNA (ribose sugar) Building blocks: nucleotides Elements: C, H, O, N, P