The Industrial Revolution 1700’s Period in which production of goods shifted from using hand tools to using power-driven machines and from human and animal power to steam power http://www.history.com/topics/industrial-revolution

Factory System & Mass Production Factories - first in textile (cloth) industry - pay more than farms - Mass production  better quality and lower price Industrial Cities (urbanization) Growing pop = more workers + markets

Effects of the Industrial Revolution Before = policy of mercantilism During = switch to capitalism - supply and demand  competition - Adam Smith’s theory of laissez faire (hands off)

Effects of Industrialization Working Conditions new jobs dirty, unsafe, and dangerous child labor factory bosses exercised harsh discipline Long-Term Effect reform policies improve conditions

Effects of Industrialization Social Classes proletariat  overworked and underpaid laborers lower middle class  overseers, skilled workers upper middle class  factory owner, merchant, banker upper class  resentment b/c mid class gaining wealth Long-Term Effect Standard of living generally rose

Class Tensions Grow Middle Class vs. Working Class proletariat  factory owners bankers, merchants, industrialists, Comfortable standard of living men work, women stayed home, children chance at education Working Class little improvement in standard of living replaced by machines unemployment Men, women, and children had to work to support family ** most children not educated

Effects of Industrialization Urbanization largest pop transfer in history lack of sanitary codes or building controls housing, water, and social services were scarce epidemics swept through cities Long-Term Effect create jobs, food, clothing, energy

Reforms & Legislation Abolition of Slavery  jobs/wages for workers Factory Regulations Act of 1833 [result of Sadler Commission] - 9-13 year olds: 8 hr workday for -14-18 year olds: 12 hr workday New Poor Law [1824]  indoor relief  poor houses Mines Act [1842] - under 10 years old: no underground work British Reform Bill  extends voting rights

Labor Unions workers form organizations to push for reforms collective bargaining  negotiate for higher pay and better conditions strike [work stoppage] if demands not met - Labor Unions were illegal in GB from 1799-1824

Global Impact 1850 spreads globally leads to increased… - competition - trade

Railroads [1880]