1. The Agricultural & Industrial Revolutions

2. Objective Questions What was the Agricultural Revolution?
What were the effects of the Agricultural Revolution and how did this lead to the Industrial Revolution?
Define the Industrial Revolution.
Name and explain why England was the first country to industrialize.

3. How did people live in England prior to (before) the Industrial Revolution?

4. How did people live prior to the Industrial Revolution?
In the 1600s small farms covered England
Wealthy landowners bought the land once owned by small village farmers and the small village farmers become their tenants (short-term)
Wealthy landowners enclosed their land; this is called the enclosure movement which had 2 results:
Landowners tried new agricultural methods
Large landowners forced many small farmers to move to the cities

5. What is the Agricultural Revolution?
It was a movement in the 1700s when farmers improved the ways of farming; new innovations in farming

6. Inventions and Methods of the Agricultural Movement
Crop rotation: grow a different crop each year-improved the health of crops and the amount of crops produced
Invention
Seed drill: increased the amount of crops

7. What was the effect of the Agricultural movement?

8. What was the effect of the Agricultural movement?
Decrease in the need for farm workers in the long-term
-Farmers in need of jobs and therefore labor is available
-Farmers move to the cities
Increase in food, living conditions and health
Population increase which increases the need for goods

10. Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England?

11. POLITICAL STABILITY

12. Why Was England the First to Industrialize?
Manpower (labor)
They had a large population
The Agricultural Revolution led to the population boom

13. Why Was England the First to Industrialize?
2) Natural Resources (land)
Waterpower and coal to fuel the new machines
Iron ore to construct machines, tools and buildings
Rivers for inland transportation
Natural Harbors from which merchant ships set sail (boats that travel to another country to sell goods)

14. Why Was England the First to Industrialize?
Iron ore

15. Why Was England the First to Industrialize?
Coal

16. Why Was England the First to Industrialize?
Harbor

17. Why Was England the First to Industrialize?
Money (capital-wealth)
a. Expanding economy with trading readily available
b. Highly developed banking system
c. Availability of bank loans that encouraged people to invest in new machines

18. Why Was England the First to Industrialize?
Eli Whitney: I would really like to invent a new machine to produce more cotton.
Banker: We have money that we can let you borrow.
Eli Whitney: Money I can borrow?
Banker: Yes! We call that a loan!
Eli Whitney: WOW! I would love to borrow some money.
Banker: No problem!

19. Why was England the First to Industrialize
4) Political Stability
a. An isolated island nation, England participated in European wars of the 18th century and early 19th centuries but never on home ground
b. They were allowed to industrialize without being interrupted by war

20. The Industrial Revolution

21. The Industrial Revolution
What was it?
Refers to the greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England and then spread throughout the rest of Europe and North America during the 18th,19th and 20th century

22. The Industrial Revolution
During this time
Increase in businesses
Increase in the amount of goods sold and bought
Businesses invested in machines to produce more goods

23. The Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Urbanization: The movement of people to cities and the building of cities
Short-Term effects:
a. Overcrowded cities: Increase in population
b. Polluted cities
c. unpaved and dirty streets
d. no drains

24. The Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Population of Birmingham, England ( )

25. Suburban Lifestyle/ Movin’ on Up
-Long-Term effects: a. People moved from the cities to the suburbs b. Less pollution c. Cleaner streets and drains

26. The Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Living conditions
Short-term effects:
a. no sanitary codes
b. bad housing conditions
c. lack of education and police protection

27. The Industrial Revolution

28. The Industrial Revolution

29. The Industrial Revolution

30. The Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Living Conditions
Long Term Effects: Eventually organizations and people fought for better living conditions and these are the results:
a. Healthier eating
b. Better housing
c. Higher education

31. The Industrial Revolution

32. The Industrial Revolution

33. Child Labor

34. Child Labor

35. Child Labor

36. Child Labor

37. The Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Working Conditions
Short-term Effects:
a. Low wages
b. Dangerous and unsanitary working conditions
c. Harsh bosses
d. Child labor
e. Long hours

38. The Industrial Revolution

39. Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Labor Unions: a group of worker who bargain for higher wages and better working conditions
The Combination Acts of 1799 and 1800 outlawed labor unions
Many people still participated in strikes, and often faced imprisonment
The Combination Acts were repealed

40. Working Conditions
Working conditions: Labor unions helped the worker attain the following:
Long-Term effects:
a. Higher wages: Minimum wage laws
b. Shorter hours
c. Child labor laws
d. Better working conditions

41. What did they do?
How did the workers attempt to improve their working condition?

42. Laws Changed Laws passed:
Factory Act: It was illegal to hire children under 9 years old; 9-12 years of age could not work more then 8 hours a day; from ages of could not work more then 12 hours
Mines Act: prevented women and children from working underground

43. Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Social Effects: There was a shift in the social classes; the middle class was created
Short-term effects:
a. Factory workers overworked and underpaid
b. Upper class resented those in middle class who became wealthier then they were
-Long-term effects: Standard of living improved

44. Impact on Literature
Artists and writers often criticized the IR, such as Charles Dickens
He wrote: A Tale of Two Cities, and David Copperfield, and Oliver Twist

45. Additional Information
The United States:
Industrialization could not happen in the U.S. until the immigrant movement
The first factory workers were women, and they worked in the textile industry
When the civil war broke out in the U.S. over the issue of slavery the Europeans received their supply of cotton from India and Egypt