Oklahoma City Community College Vertebrates BIO 2215 Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson

The Vertebrates

Subphylum Vertebrata Vertebrae replace notochord during embryonic development

Fig. 48.8

Superclass Agnatha No jaws No paired appendages Notochord as adult

Ostracoderms Earliest vertebrate Paleozoic era Filter feeders

Hagfish and Lamprey

Class Cephalaspidomorphi Lamprey Parasites

Class Myxini Hagfish

Superclass Gnathostomata Jaws Paired appendages

Fig. 48.13

Class Condrichthyes Subclass Elasmobranchii Cartilage skeleton Notochord No opercula No swim bladder

Squalus Dogfish Shark Fig. 24.8

Dasyatus Stingray

Osteichthyes Boney fish Not a taxon Formerly a class

Class Actinopterygii Rays in fins Bones Operculum Swim bladder

Fig. 24.15

Fish Scales Fig. 24.18

Fig. 24.16

Salmon Adipose Fin Dorsal Fin Caudal Fin Pectoral Fin Pelvic Fin Anal Fin

Migration Behavior

Subclass Dipneusti Lung Fish Breathe air when lake or river dries up

Class Sarcopterygii Coelacanth Lobed fins muscles Order Crossopterygii

Gas exchange Gills Ram Ventilation Skin Mouth Gulp air Lungs

Fig. 24.28

Buoyancy Sharks must constantly swim to keep from sinking

Fig. 24.27a

1% Salt

Freshwater Fish 0% Salt Water 1% Salt Salt Absorb Salt Urine

Marine Fish 3.5% Salt Water 1% Salt Salt Secrete Salt Urine

Reproduction Lay eggs in water Ovoviparous Viviparous Egg remains in mother until offspring hatch The offspring are born alive Viviparous Embryo receives nourishment from mother

Courtship Behavior

Oklahoma Fish

Longnose Gar Order Semionotiformes Lepisosteus Ganoid scale Long snout

Channel Catfish Order Siluriformes Ictalurus Rounded anal fin

Large Mouth Bass Order Perciformes Micropterus Upper jaw extends past the eye

Small Mouth Bass Order Perciformes Micropterus

Crappies Order Perciformes Pomoxis White crappie is not as dark as dark as the black crappie Eat crustacean and small fish

Bluegill Sunfish Order Perciformes Lepomis Small mouth Oval shape Eat crustaceans and insects

Carp Order Cypriniformes Large dorsal fin Arched back Omnivores

Tetrapods Animals with 4 limbs Evolved from fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals Evolved from fish

Transition from Sea to Land

Coelacanth

Eusthenopteron

Panderichthys

Tiktaalik

Transitional Tetrapods Skull, teeth, limbs similar to lobe-finned fish Acanthostega Ichthyostega

Fig. 25.CO Amphibians

Fig. 25.8

Fig. 25.26

Adaptations to live on land Gills are usually lost Lungs function Breathe through skin Secrete mucus Prevent dehydration Aids in respiration

More Adaptations to live on land Skeleton Fins evolve into limbs Vertebral column supports body underneath it Air is not as buoyant as water

Evolution of Circulation Fish Amphibian

Class Amphibia Land and water Skin with mucoid secretions Reproduce in water Skin with mucoid secretions Respiration No scales, feathers or hair Heart with 3 chambers 2 atria 1 ventricle One cervical vertebra Ectothermic (Piokelothermic)

Fig. 30.16

Order Caudata (Urodela) Salamanders Long tail Four legs

Newt – Salamander With Rough Skin

Paedomorphosis Fig. 25.10a

Fig. 25.10b

Order Anura Frogs and toads No tail in adult Webbed feet

Family Plethodontidae No lungs Breathes through skin

Family Salamandridae Has lungs True salamanders

Toad

Mating Calls

Poison Dart Frogs

Fig. 25.16

Order Apoda (Gymnophiona) Caecilian No legs Skin glands Live in tropics

The End