and Ideas in Europe during the 1930s Rise of New Leaders and Ideas in Europe during the 1930s

Contestant #2 I have a drinking habit and a defiant tongue or attitude Who Would You Vote For? Contestant #1 I am a womanizer, have self-interested policies and unfortunately suffer from ailing health. Contestant #2 I have a drinking habit and a defiant tongue or attitude Contestant #3 I am a decorated war hero, do not drink and want to create a stable economy

Who Did You Vote For? Contestant #3 Contestant #2 Contestant #1

Great Depression during 1930s Total Control of State by a Dictator Black Tuesday 1929 - stock market crashes Treaty of Versailles Great Depression during 1930s Totalitarianism New political parties -For example: Communism, Nazism, Fascism Total Control of State by a Dictator

Describe its characteristics… Totalitarianism What is it? Describe its characteristics…

Totalitarianism Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the state (political, military, economy, social, cultural) One leader (dictator); charismatic Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms) Strict controls and laws Military state (secret police, army, military) Censorship over: opposing literature, ideas, media (radio, newspapers, posters) Total conformity of people to ideas and leader (Fear & Terror)

Totalitarianism *These theories, specifically Communism and Fascism, are completely different theories that are bitterly opposed; however they exhibit the same behaviour

Communism I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from 1922-1953. What is Communism? LEFT WING based on theory by Karl Marx revolutionary idea of a political, economic and social system that creates a “classless society” state ownership and control of the means of production (no private ownership) Soviet Communism or “Stalinism”, was more of a totalitarian and military state combined with elements of communism https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9uGv1L3opb4

Fascism I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of Italy from 1922 to 1943. What is Fascism? RIGHT WING intense nationalism and elitism totalitarian control interests of the state more important than individual rights maintain class system and private ownership Interesting Fact: Fascism name was derived from the fasces, an ancient Roman symbol of authority consisting of a bundle of rods and an ax

Nazism I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945. What is Nazism? extremely fascist , nationalistic and totalitarian based on beliefs of the National Socialist German Workers Party belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan, the “master race” belief that all Germans should have “lebensraum” or living space in Europe Violent hatred towards Jews and blamed Germany’s problems on them

Nazi Controls

What were the primary causes of World War II?

War In Europe Mussolini & Hitler June 18,1940 Munich, Germany German expansion Hitler occupied the Rhine Land Hitler annexed Austria Claimed the Sudetenland Part of Czechoslovakia Hitler planned to unite all German speaking people Mussolini & Hitler June 18,1940 Munich, Germany

British Prime Minister Munich Conference Leaders of Britain, France, Italy, and Germany met in Munich in 1938 Britain and France agreed to give Hitler the Sudetenland and Hitler promised he would seek no further territory The practice of giving into aggression to avoid war is known as appeasement Appeasement failed when Germany took the rest of Czechoslovakia British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain

Policy of Appeasement Appeasement willingness to surrender to an aggressors’ demands to avoid war How was it used prior to World War II? Acceptance that Hitler could not be stopped and needed to be negotiated with (even at the expense of the smaller independent countries) Accepted because of sympathy and guilt felt by Britain and USA of unjust Treaty of Versailles Reality Blindness to true nature of Hitler’s agenda program for Eastern Europe Irony= policy used to avoid war but empowered Hitler to continue his aggressive campaign . The only way to stop Hitler was to declare war. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MnSwGQxo7GE

Munich Conference Appeasement Fails!

Hitler invades Poland Hitler and Stalin sign a non-aggression pact Promised not to attack each other Hitler launches the blitzkrieg (Lightning war) against Poland Poland quickly falls to Hitler

A Global Conflict After the invasion of Poland: Britain and France declare war on Germany Later, the Allied powers would include: Britain, France, Soviet Union, United States, and China The Soviet Union joined the allies in 1941 after Hitler broke the Non-Aggression pact Italy and Japan join Germany to form the Axis powers

STEPS TO WAR How did World War II begin? How did appeasement contribute to World War II? http://www.markville.ss.yrdsb.edu.on.ca/history/history/quotes.pdf

Conclusion: What were the primary causes of WWII? Anger over Treaty of Versailles (Italy & Germany) Aggression by Germany, Italy, and Japan Failure of world powers US, BR, FR, League of Nations to stand up to aggression The failure of the policy of appeasement

Reflect Was the Treaty of Versailles truly the cause of World War II? Or appeasement? What do we have to remember about hindsight when examining history? Could Hitler have been ‘stopped’ at any time prior to 1939? What was Canada’s view of appeasement and another potential war? What was “isolationism” ?